{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4327851473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3258901","title":"Intrusion Detection Using Hybrid Enhanced CSA-PSO and Multivariate WLS Random-Forest Technique","display_name":"Intrusion Detection Using Hybrid Enhanced CSA-PSO and Multivariate WLS Random-Forest Technique","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4327851473","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3258901"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3258901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3258901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046130272","display_name":"Ghulam Mohi-ud-din","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3905-4220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghulam Mohi-Ud-Din","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101842214","display_name":"Zhiqiang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9238-3496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Zhiqiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Security, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Security, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100680277","display_name":"Jiangbin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5943-7379"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Jiangbin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104035955","display_name":"Wang Sifei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wang Sifei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038719190","display_name":"Lin Zhijun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6646-4866"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Zhijun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031715037","display_name":"Muhammad Asim","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8650-5311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Asim","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019864365","display_name":"Yuxuan Zhong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I927504317","display_name":"Nanchang Hangkong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0369pvp92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I927504317"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxuan Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of International Education, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International Education, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I927504317"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100416074","display_name":"Yuxin Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6265-5529"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I927504317","display_name":"Nanchang Hangkong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0369pvp92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I927504317"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxin Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of International Education, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of International Education, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I927504317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046130272"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.6714,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93379334,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"4","first_page":"4937","last_page":"4950"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7784863710403442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.7400404214859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.6760528683662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.6364177465438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.6018022298812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rate-of-convergence","display_name":"Rate of convergence","score":0.5116720199584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5114311575889587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.49843549728393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.45503541827201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3877507746219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3259139060974121}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7784863710403442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.7400404214859009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.6760528683662415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.6364177465438843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.6018022298812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57869625","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1783502","display_name":"Rate of convergence","level":3,"score":0.5116720199584961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5114311575889587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.49843549728393555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.45503541827201843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3877507746219635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3259139060974121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3258901","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3258901","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2296509296","https://openalex.org/W2519564115","https://openalex.org/W2789654058","https://openalex.org/W2789828921","https://openalex.org/W2801080689","https://openalex.org/W2848880782","https://openalex.org/W2913975235","https://openalex.org/W2926701059","https://openalex.org/W2945230547","https://openalex.org/W2959120033","https://openalex.org/W2990352665","https://openalex.org/W2994866269","https://openalex.org/W2995048048","https://openalex.org/W2996789024","https://openalex.org/W3004777721","https://openalex.org/W3007182219","https://openalex.org/W3012981875","https://openalex.org/W3015539767","https://openalex.org/W3021219025","https://openalex.org/W3025255083","https://openalex.org/W3043844898","https://openalex.org/W3087417123","https://openalex.org/W3105105644","https://openalex.org/W3116162736","https://openalex.org/W3131438039","https://openalex.org/W3133886843","https://openalex.org/W3135689386","https://openalex.org/W3151784567","https://openalex.org/W3165574415","https://openalex.org/W3166483780","https://openalex.org/W4249837478","https://openalex.org/W4291733303"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3193043704","https://openalex.org/W4386259002","https://openalex.org/W1546989560","https://openalex.org/W3171520305","https://openalex.org/W4388745254","https://openalex.org/W2980082554","https://openalex.org/W1517228774","https://openalex.org/W2767419625","https://openalex.org/W2389704471","https://openalex.org/W2117019857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,45,172,192,203,228],"exponential":[1],"growth":[2],"in":[3,8,133],"data":[4,40],"communication":[5,41],"and":[6,16,58,83,94,117,163,199,239],"increase":[7],"network":[9,32,46],"size":[10,47],"have":[11],"led":[12],"to":[13,35,89,95,127,143,168,177,185],"various":[14],"intrusions":[15],"attacks.":[17],"An":[18],"Intrusion":[19],"Detection":[20],"System":[21],"(IDS)":[22],"can":[23],"be":[24],"provided":[25],"as":[26],"a":[27,31,43,50,74,101,134],"crucial":[28],"component":[29],"of":[30,39,110,121,161,206,244],"or":[33],"database":[34],"ensure":[36],"the":[37,67,105,108,111,114,122,129,145,158,169,178,190,207,221,242,245],"security":[38],"over":[42],"network.":[44],"is":[48,141,212],"large,":[49],"large":[51,135,187],"dataset":[52],"may":[53],"comprise":[54],"more":[55],"irrelevant,":[56],"redundant,":[57],"high-dimensional":[59],"features":[60,99,146,162,174],"that":[61,165,220],"impact":[62],"feature":[63,91],"classification,":[64],"thus":[65],"affecting":[66],"intrusion":[68,201],"detection":[69],"rate.":[70],"This":[71],"study":[72],"presents":[73],"new":[75],"hybrid":[76,209],"enhanced":[77],"normalised":[78],"Crow":[79],"Search":[80],"Algorithm":[81],"(CSA)":[82],"Particle":[84],"Swarm":[85],"Optimisation":[86],"(PSO)":[87],"technique":[88],"address":[90],"selection":[92],"issues":[93],"classify":[96,144],"global":[97,130],"best":[98,131],"using":[100],"random-forest":[102,139,193],"classifier.":[103],"In":[104],"proposed":[106,208,222],"algorithm,":[107],"benefits":[109],"CSA":[112],"between":[113,196],"search":[115,136],"strategy":[116],"rapid":[118],"convergence":[119],"phenomenon":[120],"PSO":[123],"algorithm":[124],"are":[125,149,166,175],"utilised":[126],"select":[128],"solution":[132],"space.":[137],"A":[138],"classifier":[140,194],"used":[142],"after":[147],"they":[148],"updated":[150],"with":[151],"weight":[152],"values":[153],"for":[154],"significant":[155],"features,":[156],"assessing":[157],"asymptotic":[159,173],"variance":[160],"points":[164],"closest":[167],"optimal":[170],"solution.":[171],"subjected":[176],"weighted":[179],"least":[180],"mean":[181],"square":[182],"(WLS)":[183],"method":[184],"eliminate":[186],"deviations":[188],"among":[189],"features.":[191],"distinguishes":[195],"normal":[197],"records":[198],"abnormal":[200],"records.":[202],"performance":[204],"assessment":[205],"IDS":[210,246],"model":[211,223],"performed":[213],"by":[214],"utilising":[215],"two":[216],"datasets,":[217],"which":[218],"reveals":[219],"outperforms":[224],"other":[225],"existing":[226],"models.":[227],"simulation":[229],"outcomes":[230],"show":[231],"higher":[232],"accuracy":[233],"rate,":[234],"precision":[235],"value,":[236],"recall":[237],"factor,":[238],"F1-Score,":[240],"revealing":[241],"efficacy":[243],"model.":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-09T08:58:05.943551","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
