{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4321021116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3244506","title":"<i>Mjolnir</i>: Breaking the Glass in a Publicly Verifiable Yet Private Manner","display_name":"<i>Mjolnir</i>: Breaking the Glass in a Publicly Verifiable Yet Private Manner","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4321021116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3244506"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3244506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3244506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027096660","display_name":"Riham AlTawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4309-6044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I212119943","display_name":"University of Victoria","ror":"https://ror.org/04s5mat29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Riham AlTawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Victoria, Victoria, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086545127","display_name":"Hisham S. Galal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9904-8386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hisham S. Galal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085765243","display_name":"Amr Youssef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4284-8646"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60158472","display_name":"Concordia University","ror":"https://ror.org/0420zvk78","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amr M. Youssef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Concordia Institute for Information Systems Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60158472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027096660"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I212119943"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83470337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"2942","last_page":"2956"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.8610403537750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.725662112236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.45665016770362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.367504358291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.14778050780296326}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.8610403537750244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.725662112236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.45665016770362854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.367504358291626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.14778050780296326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2023.3244506","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2023.3244506","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3008499758","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RGPIN-2020-07063","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179922057","https://openalex.org/W1501894674","https://openalex.org/W1525737403","https://openalex.org/W1531945782","https://openalex.org/W1554259298","https://openalex.org/W1589034595","https://openalex.org/W1850675439","https://openalex.org/W1978116440","https://openalex.org/W2043007983","https://openalex.org/W2059088240","https://openalex.org/W2095708839","https://openalex.org/W2102632861","https://openalex.org/W2118875948","https://openalex.org/W2120891046","https://openalex.org/W2123662741","https://openalex.org/W2128232860","https://openalex.org/W2130056156","https://openalex.org/W2132131059","https://openalex.org/W2142877744","https://openalex.org/W2142968417","https://openalex.org/W2144752539","https://openalex.org/W2153193245","https://openalex.org/W2171337840","https://openalex.org/W2343562430","https://openalex.org/W2473389213","https://openalex.org/W2496543269","https://openalex.org/W2613376966","https://openalex.org/W2694044524","https://openalex.org/W2754668202","https://openalex.org/W2794982701","https://openalex.org/W2883748642","https://openalex.org/W2886522493","https://openalex.org/W2911854644","https://openalex.org/W2927856397","https://openalex.org/W2954552639","https://openalex.org/W2964182525","https://openalex.org/W2997810619","https://openalex.org/W3003811098","https://openalex.org/W3023901165","https://openalex.org/W3182035073","https://openalex.org/W4205092462","https://openalex.org/W4245047333","https://openalex.org/W4251990338","https://openalex.org/W6630115690","https://openalex.org/W6635298198","https://openalex.org/W6678470060","https://openalex.org/W6760921549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2355730523","https://openalex.org/W152021879","https://openalex.org/W2072918937","https://openalex.org/W2365629437","https://openalex.org/W2023935927","https://openalex.org/W2348330439","https://openalex.org/W2350372928"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"formally":[2,165],"investigates":[3],"the":[4,21,28,73,90,107,120,141,144,156,169],"problem":[5],"of":[6,24,43,51,57,72,75,122,136,143,172,177],"unauthorized":[7,44],"yet":[8],"required":[9],"access":[10,77],"to":[11,53,113],"electronically":[12],"protected":[13],"information,":[14],"a.k.a.":[15],"Break-the-Glass":[16],"(BtG)":[17],"access.":[18],"Reflecting":[19],"on":[20,140,181,185],"rising":[22],"deployment":[23],"such":[25],"protocols":[26],"in":[27,151],"current":[29],"digitized":[30],"healthcare":[31,47,58],"system,":[32],"we":[33],"present":[34],"Mjolnir,":[35,173],"a":[36,63,114,129,175],"blockchain-based":[37],"BtG":[38,76],"framework":[39],"that":[40,106,119],"offers":[41],"accountability":[42],"accesses":[45],"by":[46,128],"practitioners,":[48],"dependable":[49],"right":[50],"notification":[52],"patients,":[54,87],"and":[55,118,147,155,167,183,188],"privacy":[56],"records":[59],"accesses.":[60],"Mjolnir":[61],"is":[62,125],"smart":[64],"contract-based":[65],"protocol":[66],"which":[67,104],"provides":[68],"undisputed":[69],"public":[70],"verifiability":[71],"identity":[74,124],"entities":[78],"while":[79],"maintaining":[80],"their":[81,123],"anonymity":[82,121],"except":[83],"from":[84],"concerned":[85],"individual":[86],"hence":[88],"protecting":[89],"patients\u2019":[91],"privacy.":[92],"We":[93,164],"employ":[94],"an":[95],"application":[96],"specific":[97],"non-interactive":[98],"cryptographic":[99],"zero":[100,193],"knowledge":[101,194],"proof":[102,158,176,195],"system":[103,138,159],"ensures":[105],"signing":[108],"entity":[109,132],"(healthcare":[110],"practitioner)":[111],"belongs":[112],"given":[115,130],"authorized":[116],"group":[117],"only":[126],"revocable":[127],"opening":[131],"(patient).":[133],"The":[134],"security":[135,170],"our":[137],"relies":[139],"hardness":[142],"discrete":[145],"logarithm":[146],"decisional":[148],"Diffie\u2013Hellman":[149],"problems":[150],"elliptic":[152],"curve":[153],"groups,":[154],"utilized":[157],"requires":[160],"no":[161],"trusted":[162],"setup.":[163],"define":[166],"prove":[168],"goals":[171],"provide":[174],"concept":[178],"blockchain":[179],"implementation":[180],"Ethereum,":[182],"report":[184],"performance":[186],"experiments":[187],"comparisons":[189],"with":[190],"other":[191],"generic":[192],"systems.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}