{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312081908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3230768","title":"Strategic Analysis of Griefing Attack in Lightning Network","display_name":"Strategic Analysis of Griefing Attack in Lightning Network","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312081908","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3230768"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3230768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3230768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091122923","display_name":"Subhra Mazumdar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3089-2535"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145847075","display_name":"TU Wien","ror":"https://ror.org/04d836q62","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210105054","display_name":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Thermoelectricity","ror":"https://ror.org/01cbw5x35","country_code":"AT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129774422","https://openalex.org/I145847075","https://openalex.org/I4210105054"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["AT","IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Subhra Mazumdar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryptology and Security Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata, Kolkata, India","Security and Privacy Research Unit, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","Christian Doppler Laboratory for Blockchain Technologies for Internet of Things, Vienna, Austria"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3089-2535","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryptology and Security Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Security and Privacy Research Unit, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Christian Doppler Laboratory for Blockchain Technologies for Internet of Things, Vienna, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210105054"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052010296","display_name":"Prabal Banerjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-9378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prabal Banerjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cryptology and Security Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata, Kolkata, India","Research Department, Polygon (previously Matic Network), Bengaluru, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6142-9378","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cryptology and Security Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Department, Polygon (previously Matic Network), Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058055089","display_name":"Abhinandan Sinha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7232-378X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52527943","display_name":"Ahmedabad University","ror":"https://ror.org/02swff503","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52527943"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abhinandan Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Economic Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata, Kolkata, India","Amrut Mody School of Management, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7232-378X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Economic Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Amrut Mody School of Management, Ahmedabad University, Ahmedabad, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52527943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032506814","display_name":"Sushmita Ruj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-6709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sushmita Ruj","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science ad Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8698-6709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science ad Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103214708","display_name":"Bimal Roy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8944-3726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6498739","display_name":"Indian Statistical Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00q2w1j53","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bimal Kumar Roy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Statistics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata, Kolkata, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8944-3726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Statistics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute Kolkata, Kolkata, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6498739"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091122923"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145847075","https://openalex.org/I4210105054","https://openalex.org/I6498739"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7121,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85232385,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"2","first_page":"1790","last_page":"1803"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9787999987602234,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lightning","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","score":0.6759467720985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4544225037097931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.37262582778930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aeronautics","display_name":"Aeronautics","score":0.3538737893104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3134327232837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.23707932233810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.20981287956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13356924057006836}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69398868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129052","display_name":"Lightning (connector)","level":3,"score":0.6759467720985413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4544225037097931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.37262582778930664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178802073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8421","display_name":"Aeronautics","level":1,"score":0.3538737893104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3134327232837677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.23707932233810425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.20981287956237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13356924057006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3230768","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3230768","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8199999928474426}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311813","display_name":"\u00d6sterreichische Nationalstiftung f\u00fcr Forschung, Technologie und Entwicklung","ror":"https://ror.org/04hb33h70"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1989446481","https://openalex.org/W2050209678","https://openalex.org/W2111586182","https://openalex.org/W2132022337","https://openalex.org/W2153807360","https://openalex.org/W2155690458","https://openalex.org/W2288007454","https://openalex.org/W2341111334","https://openalex.org/W2511446761","https://openalex.org/W2947736742","https://openalex.org/W2969251831","https://openalex.org/W2981644155","https://openalex.org/W2989202886","https://openalex.org/W3023851218","https://openalex.org/W3032619388","https://openalex.org/W3043572547","https://openalex.org/W3104395320","https://openalex.org/W3105250713","https://openalex.org/W3132314424","https://openalex.org/W3153927914","https://openalex.org/W3200734930","https://openalex.org/W3204611557","https://openalex.org/W3210715031","https://openalex.org/W4211068006","https://openalex.org/W4229809555","https://openalex.org/W4231399107","https://openalex.org/W4236798639","https://openalex.org/W4245086718","https://openalex.org/W7075577209"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W1516442247","https://openalex.org/W2009005855","https://openalex.org/W2508104662","https://openalex.org/W763284094","https://openalex.org/W154198252","https://openalex.org/W3210170204"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Hashed":[0,36],"Timelock":[1,37],"Contract":[2,38],"(":[3,41],"<italic":[4,15,42,80,93,136,140,163,181,227,254],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[5,16,43,81,94,137,141,164,172,182,186,217,228,244,255],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">HTLC</i>":[6,82],")":[7,45],"in":[8,79,92,144,148,209,226],"Lightning":[9,200],"Network":[10],"is":[11,46,100,139,251],"susceptible":[12],"to":[13,48,88,102,213,257],"a":[14,72,110],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">griefing":[17],"attack</i>":[18],".":[19,83,193],"An":[20],"attacker":[21,147],"can":[22],"block":[23],"several":[24,197],"channels":[25],"and":[26,96,133,179],"stall":[27],"payments":[28],"by":[29],"mounting":[30,130],"this":[31,86],"attack.":[32],"A":[33],"state-of-the-art":[34],"countermeasure,":[35],"with":[39,113],"Griefing-Penalty":[40],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">HTLC-GP</i>":[44,95,138,183,229,256],"found":[47],"work":[49],"under":[50],"the":[51,68,114,121,124,127,131,146,154,160,205,210],"classical":[52],"assumption":[53],"of":[54,123,129,156,162,199],"participants":[55],"being":[56],"either":[57],"honest":[58],"or":[59],"malicious":[60,111],"but":[61],"fails":[62],"for":[63,75,215],"rational":[64],"participants.":[65],"To":[66,151],"address":[67],"gap,":[69],"we":[70,158,202],"introduce":[71,159],"game-theoretic":[73],"model":[74,87],"analyzing":[76],"griefing":[77,90,259],"attacks":[78,91],"We":[84,119],"use":[85],"analyze":[89],"conjecture":[97],"that":[98,107,135,204,242],"it":[99],"impossible":[101],"design":[103],"an":[104],"efficient":[105],"protocol":[106],"will":[108],"penalize":[109],"participant":[112],"current":[115],"Bitcoin":[116],"scripting":[117],"system.":[118],"study":[120],"impact":[122],"penalty":[125],"on":[126,196],"cost":[128,155],"attack":[132],"observe":[134,203],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">weakly":[142],"effective</i>":[143],"disincentivizing":[145],"certain":[149],"conditions.":[150],"further":[152],"increase":[153],"attack,":[157],"concept":[161],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">guaranteed":[165],"minimum":[166],"compensation</i>":[167],",":[168,178,224],"denoted":[169],"as":[170],"<inline-formula":[171,185,216,243],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[173,187,218,245],"<tex-math":[174,188,219,246],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\zeta":[175],"$":[176],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[177,192,223,250],"modify":[180],"into":[184],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathrm":[189,220,247],"{HTLC{-}GP}^{\\zeta":[190,221,248],"}$":[191,222,249],"By":[194],"experimenting":[195],"instances":[198],"Network,":[201],"total":[206,231],"coins":[207,232],"locked":[208,233],"network":[211],"drops":[212],"28%":[214],"unlike":[225],"where":[230],"does":[234],"not":[235],"drop":[236],"below":[237],"40%.":[238],"These":[239],"results":[240],"justify":[241],"better":[252],"than":[253],"counter":[258],"attacks.":[260]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
