{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312995559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3210827","title":"FLoadNet: Load Balancing in Fog Networks With Cooperative Multiagent Using Actor\u2013Critic Method","display_name":"FLoadNet: Load Balancing in Fog Networks With Cooperative Multiagent Using Actor\u2013Critic Method","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-09-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312995559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3210827"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3210827","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3210827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047432490","display_name":"Jung-Yeon Baek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4526-0204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungyeon Baek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4526-0204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032243366","display_name":"Georges Kaddoum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-6624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georges Kaddoum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-6624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, Montréal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7058,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8683199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"1","first_page":"400","last_page":"414"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9901000261306763,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12794","display_name":"Adaptive Dynamic Programming Control","score":0.9891999959945679,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.859599769115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7912874817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6942708492279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/load-balancing","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","score":0.6905708909034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6348173022270203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5395639538764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.5224243998527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.48119598627090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.4492614269256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.4379209280014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.43227237462997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shared-resource","display_name":"Shared resource","score":0.41953369975090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.30694037675857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1902676522731781}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.859599769115448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7912874817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6942708492279053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.6905708909034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6348173022270203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5395639538764954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.5224243998527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48119598627090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.4492614269256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.4379209280014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.43227237462997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51332947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172305","display_name":"Shared resource","level":2,"score":0.41953369975090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.30694037675857544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1902676522731781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187691185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2020720","display_name":"Grid","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3210827","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3210827","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:25692","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://espace2.etsmtl.ca/id/eprint/25692/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article publi\u00e9 dans une revue, r\u00e9vis\u00e9 par les pairs"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4364866870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RDCPJ 501617-16 project","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","funder_display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7820311884","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B2X 2020-2021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334841","funder_display_name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Nature et technologies"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334841","display_name":"Fonds de recherche du Qu\u00e9bec \u2013 Nature et technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00b9f9778"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1514325590","https://openalex.org/W1542941925","https://openalex.org/W1641379095","https://openalex.org/W2067050450","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2484356954","https://openalex.org/W2730807149","https://openalex.org/W2738332640","https://openalex.org/W2786839822","https://openalex.org/W2799283631","https://openalex.org/W2820531506","https://openalex.org/W2888945817","https://openalex.org/W2898652425","https://openalex.org/W2963620705","https://openalex.org/W2964098968","https://openalex.org/W2969195240","https://openalex.org/W2969525674","https://openalex.org/W2972192263","https://openalex.org/W2973044750","https://openalex.org/W2974654731","https://openalex.org/W2996745384","https://openalex.org/W3002258616","https://openalex.org/W3003651800","https://openalex.org/W3022369195","https://openalex.org/W3072315125","https://openalex.org/W3089192431","https://openalex.org/W3104248904","https://openalex.org/W3112099229","https://openalex.org/W3112164530","https://openalex.org/W3127508148","https://openalex.org/W3181406820","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4288601262","https://openalex.org/W4293542549","https://openalex.org/W6630520071","https://openalex.org/W6635285615","https://openalex.org/W6674639890","https://openalex.org/W6675811377","https://openalex.org/W6712181171","https://openalex.org/W6713411898","https://openalex.org/W6748866174","https://openalex.org/W6757781149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3154796165","https://openalex.org/W4322761281","https://openalex.org/W4238233472","https://openalex.org/W4313526662","https://openalex.org/W4312996489","https://openalex.org/W3111395152","https://openalex.org/W3106131444","https://openalex.org/W3216099748","https://openalex.org/W4205963435","https://openalex.org/W4313463379"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,95,196,224],"growing":[1],"demands":[2,48],"of":[3,6,19,40,120,125,199,207,214],"the":[4,26,38,45,53,117,121,140,144,168,174,193,205,212],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"require":[9],"a":[10,56,76,91,102,126],"platform":[11],"that":[12,228],"supports":[13],"real-time":[14],"interactions":[15],"and":[16,49,67,79,105,133,147,184,211],"high":[17,64],"availability":[18],"services":[20],"to":[21,44,62,115,143,162,180,190,203,219],"devices.":[22],"In":[23],"this":[24,71,73,200],"context,":[25],"fog":[27,54,220],"computing":[28,68],"paradigm":[29],"has":[30],"emerged":[31],"as":[32,101],"an":[33,106,153],"attractive":[34],"solution":[35],"for":[36],"processing":[37],"data":[39],"IoT":[41],"applications.":[42],"Owing":[43],"unpredictable":[46],"traffic":[47],"resource":[50,65],"heterogeneity":[51],"in":[52,90,138],"environment,":[55,150],"smart":[57],"workload":[58],"distribution":[59],"is":[60,99,113,178,188,202],"essential":[61],"achieve":[63],"utilization":[66],"efficiency.":[69],"To":[70],"end,":[72],"paper":[74],"considers":[75],"joint":[77,96,118],"link":[78],"server":[80],"load":[81,222,232],"balancing":[82,233],"problem":[83,98],"with":[84,130],"multiple":[85],"cooperative":[86,159],"access":[87],"points,":[88],"(APs),":[89],"combined":[92],"edge-fog-cloud":[93],"environment.":[94],"optimization":[97],"formulated":[100],"stochastic":[103],"game,":[104],"actor-critic":[107],"reinforcement":[108],"learning":[109,145,210,216],"framework,":[110],"called":[111],"FLoadNet,":[112],"proposed":[114,175],"optimize":[116],"policy":[119],"multi-agents.":[122],"FLoadNet":[123,229],"consists":[124],"centralized":[127],"critic":[128,155,176],"network,":[129],"parameter":[131],"sharing":[132],"distributed":[134,215],"individual":[135],"actor":[136],"networks":[137],"all":[139],"APs.":[141],"Due":[142],"dynamics":[146],"partially":[148],"observable":[149],"we":[151],"propose":[152],"extended":[154],"network":[156,177,221],"model,":[157],"where":[158],"APs":[160],"learn":[161],"communicate":[163],"among":[164],"themselves":[165],"while":[166],"evaluating":[167],"value":[169,183],"function.":[170],"Unlike":[171],"previous":[172],"studies,":[173],"designed":[179],"train":[181],"both":[182],"message":[185],"functions,":[186],"which":[187],"shown":[189],"significantly":[191],"reduce":[192],"computational":[194],"cost.":[195],"main":[197],"goal":[198],"work":[201],"advance":[204],"development":[206],"efficient":[208],"edge":[209],"application":[213],"algorithms":[217],"specifically":[218],"balancing.":[223],"experimental":[225],"results":[226],"show":[227],"outperforms":[230],"baseline":[231],"methods.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}