{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292826151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3200866","title":"From Data and Model Levels: Improve the Performance of Few-Shot Malware Classification","display_name":"From Data and Model Levels: Improve the Performance of Few-Shot Malware Classification","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292826151","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3200866"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3200866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3200866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006545795","display_name":"Yuhan Chai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4332-0234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Chai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4332-0234","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057638577","display_name":"Jing Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4202-7802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4202-7802","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100411650","display_name":"Lihua Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8829-4442"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005367180","display_name":"Lejun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0874-8526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lejun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071261948","display_name":"Brij B. Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-4698"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143578492","display_name":"Asia University","ror":"https://ror.org/038a1tp19","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56306041","display_name":"Lebanese American University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hqkan37","country_code":"LB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5847235","display_name":"University of Petroleum and Energy Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/04q2jes40","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}],"countries":["IN","LB","SA","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brij B. Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, International Center for AI and Cyber Security Research and Innovations, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan","Department of Computer Science, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon","Department of Computer Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","Center for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4929-4698","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, International Center for AI and Cyber Security Research and Innovations, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143578492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56306041"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5847235"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056608045","display_name":"Zhihong Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-5359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37987034","display_name":"Guangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ar8rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihong Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9409-5359","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cyberspace Institute of Advanced Technology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37987034"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5146,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96908578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"4248","last_page":"4261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8708525896072388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8412246704101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalization","display_name":"Generalization","score":0.6196250319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5632780194282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visualization","display_name":"Visualization","score":0.555902361869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5540350675582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.5499342679977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3945879638195038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.12673425674438477}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8708525896072388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8412246704101562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177148314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170084","display_name":"Generalization","level":2,"score":0.6196250319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5632780194282532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.555902361869812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5540350675582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.5499342679977417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3945879638195038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.12673425674438477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3200866","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3200866","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"No poverty","score":0.41999998688697815,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3930423470","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grants (U20B2046, U1636215, 61871140, U1803263)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":78,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967185446","https://openalex.org/W2000982976","https://openalex.org/W2010065958","https://openalex.org/W2020184885","https://openalex.org/W2030806251","https://openalex.org/W2047167450","https://openalex.org/W2055045754","https://openalex.org/W2077725184","https://openalex.org/W2079215333","https://openalex.org/W2150423842","https://openalex.org/W2296240038","https://openalex.org/W2301473744","https://openalex.org/W2590294838","https://openalex.org/W2742093937","https://openalex.org/W2754462941","https://openalex.org/W2754625712","https://openalex.org/W2769084017","https://openalex.org/W2784097977","https://openalex.org/W2790918693","https://openalex.org/W2796394805","https://openalex.org/W2798405286","https://openalex.org/W2806076636","https://openalex.org/W2907236248","https://openalex.org/W2963070905","https://openalex.org/W2964053523","https://openalex.org/W2964105864","https://openalex.org/W2964112702","https://openalex.org/W2971076825","https://openalex.org/W2981091784","https://openalex.org/W2994633389","https://openalex.org/W2996806689","https://openalex.org/W2998074434","https://openalex.org/W3000411596","https://openalex.org/W3004280948","https://openalex.org/W3006334803","https://openalex.org/W3012255272","https://openalex.org/W3014274353","https://openalex.org/W3019875810","https://openalex.org/W3034312118","https://openalex.org/W3088376608","https://openalex.org/W3096432474","https://openalex.org/W3110672987","https://openalex.org/W3120450981","https://openalex.org/W3123084659","https://openalex.org/W3127455599","https://openalex.org/W3135185324","https://openalex.org/W3153387614","https://openalex.org/W3153582542","https://openalex.org/W3172909833","https://openalex.org/W3178593045","https://openalex.org/W3203890225","https://openalex.org/W3205626500","https://openalex.org/W3211529384","https://openalex.org/W3215200159","https://openalex.org/W4205270295","https://openalex.org/W4212862670","https://openalex.org/W4213101073","https://openalex.org/W4214562728","https://openalex.org/W4226427413","https://openalex.org/W4283517970","https://openalex.org/W4292541930","https://openalex.org/W4294526978","https://openalex.org/W4294646197","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6717697761","https://openalex.org/W6729595453","https://openalex.org/W6733556328","https://openalex.org/W6735236233","https://openalex.org/W6736057607","https://openalex.org/W6742288159","https://openalex.org/W6750254146","https://openalex.org/W6751281049","https://openalex.org/W6753311412","https://openalex.org/W6767471572","https://openalex.org/W6783413571","https://openalex.org/W6783600611","https://openalex.org/W6790545018","https://openalex.org/W7009888351"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2097492617","https://openalex.org/W2753240997","https://openalex.org/W1764168690","https://openalex.org/W2537959205","https://openalex.org/W2740895074","https://openalex.org/W2772446090","https://openalex.org/W4284893819","https://openalex.org/W3152891574","https://openalex.org/W4316881845","https://openalex.org/W2975527072"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"malware":[1,13,21,42,46,86,93,131,141,150,215,229],"classification":[2,87,96,216,230],"methods":[3,52,88],"cannot":[4],"handle":[5],"the":[6,29,32,45,58,77,109,118,158,173,179,184,192,196,200,203,220,225,232],"open-ended":[7],"growth":[8],"of":[9,31,175,195,202,227],"new":[10,128,207],"or":[11,129,208],"unknown":[12,130,209],"well":[14],"because":[15],"it":[16,38],"only":[17],"focuses":[18],"on":[19,146,212],"pre-defined":[20],"classes":[22],"with":[23],"sufficient":[24],"training":[25],"data.":[26],"Due":[27],"to":[28,65,67,126,182,205],"superiority":[30],"visualization":[33,51],"method,":[34],"some":[35],"researchers":[36],"use":[37],"for":[39],"solving":[40],"few-shot":[41,62,85,170,214,228],"classification.":[43],"However,":[44],"images":[47,94,151],"generated":[48,92],"by":[49,91],"existing":[50,61],"contain":[53,153],"insufficient":[54],"semantic":[55],"information.":[56],"At":[57],"same":[59],"time,":[60],"models":[63],"tend":[64],"converge":[66],"sharp":[68],"minima":[69],"resulting":[70],"in":[71,168],"poor":[72],"generalization":[73,193],"performance.":[74],"By":[75],"synthesizing":[76],"observations,":[78],"we":[79,112,137,163],"think":[80],"that":[81,149,219],"accurate":[82],"and":[83,95,103,120,187,198,234],"effective":[84],"are":[89],"affected":[90],"models,":[97],"which":[98,123],"can":[99,152,223],"be":[100],"called":[101,133],"data":[102,159,233],"model":[104,176,180,197,204,235],"levels,":[105,122],"respectively.":[106],"To":[107],"solve":[108],"above":[110],"problems,":[111],"propose":[113,138],"a":[114,139,169],"novel":[115],"method":[116,144,221],"from":[117,172,231],"Data":[119],"Model":[121],"is":[124],"used":[125],"classify":[127,206],"well,":[132],"DMMal.":[134],"More":[135],"specifically,":[136],"multi-channel":[140],"image":[142],"generation":[143],"based":[145],"multi-view":[147],"so":[148],"more":[154],"prosperous":[155],"information":[156],"at":[157,178],"level.":[160],"In":[161],"addition,":[162],"investigated":[164],"adaptive":[165],"sharpness-aware":[166],"minimization":[167],"scenario":[171],"perspective":[174],"optimization":[177],"level":[181],"minimize":[183],"loss":[185],"value":[186],"sharpness":[188],"simultaneously.":[189],"This":[190],"enhances":[191],"ability":[194,201],"improves":[199],"classes.":[210],"Experiments":[211],"two":[213],"datasets":[217],"show":[218],"proposed":[222],"improve":[224],"performance":[226],"levels.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
