{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292259010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3199458","title":"AppShot: A Conditional Deep Generative Model for Synthesizing Service-Level Mobile Traffic Snapshots at City Scale","display_name":"AppShot: A Conditional Deep Generative Model for Synthesizing Service-Level Mobile Traffic Snapshots at City Scale","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292259010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3199458"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3199458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3199458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/f38d6476-b4ef-488f-af3b-d7f1b5416158","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054171919","display_name":"Chuanhao Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4889-2055"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuanhao Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067011395","display_name":"Kai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0191-0375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057196170","display_name":"Marco Fiore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0772-9967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Fiore","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Leganes, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Leganes, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022046402","display_name":"Mahesh K. Marina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6946-5143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","display_name":"University of Edinburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01nrxwf90","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahesh K. Marina","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100372109","display_name":"Yue Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-5285"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Samsung, Staines-upon-Thames, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Samsung, Staines-upon-Thames, U.K","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000245456","display_name":"Cezary Ziemlicki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0450-1164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19370010","display_name":"Orange (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/035j0tq82","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cezary Ziemlicki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Orange, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Orange, Issy-les-Moulineaux, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19370010"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054171919"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0347,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86614474,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"4","first_page":"4136","last_page":"4150"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8218791484832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.508443295955658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-service","display_name":"Mobile service","score":0.4745931327342987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4440533518791199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.4428289532661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.4115833342075348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3806660771369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3352201581001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.24959242343902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.14732056856155396}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8218791484832764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.508443295955658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780559388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1247189","display_name":"Mobile service","level":3,"score":0.4745931327342987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4440533518791199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.4428289532661438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.4115833342075348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3806660771369934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3352201581001282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.24959242343902588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.14732056856155396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3199458","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3199458","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/f38d6476-b4ef-488f-af3b-d7f1b5416158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/f38d6476-b4ef-488f-af3b-d7f1b5416158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/f38d6476-b4ef-488f-af3b-d7f1b5416158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/f38d6476-b4ef-488f-af3b-d7f1b5416158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400321","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer (University of Edinburgh)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98677209","host_organization_name":"University of Edinburgh","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98677209"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Sun, C, Xu, K, Fiore, M, Marina, M K, Wang, Y & Ziemlicki, C 2022, 'AppShot: A Conditional Deep Generative Model for Synthesizing Service-Level Mobile Traffic Snapshots at City Scale', IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management, vol. 19, no. 4, pp. 4136-4150. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSM.2022.3199458","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.ed.ac.uk:publications/f38d6476-b4ef-488f-af3b-d7f1b5416158","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11820/f38d6476-b4ef-488f-af3b-d7f1b5416158","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922455","display_name":"Edinburgh Research Explorer","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1975549563","https://openalex.org/W2064076387","https://openalex.org/W2098908098","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2157895134","https://openalex.org/W2167617566","https://openalex.org/W2172211955","https://openalex.org/W2190432600","https://openalex.org/W2541678333","https://openalex.org/W2734140166","https://openalex.org/W2741581007","https://openalex.org/W2760103357","https://openalex.org/W2763965437","https://openalex.org/W2768661886","https://openalex.org/W2768726319","https://openalex.org/W2891197287","https://openalex.org/W2896336465","https://openalex.org/W2963073614","https://openalex.org/W2963531342","https://openalex.org/W2974985463","https://openalex.org/W2995644163","https://openalex.org/W3003426638","https://openalex.org/W3005475821","https://openalex.org/W3008405560","https://openalex.org/W3034567078","https://openalex.org/W3088157974","https://openalex.org/W3094402648","https://openalex.org/W3096831136","https://openalex.org/W3102382149","https://openalex.org/W3110137169","https://openalex.org/W3216304359","https://openalex.org/W3216866735","https://openalex.org/W4205983461","https://openalex.org/W4224985767","https://openalex.org/W4389683687","https://openalex.org/W6638667902","https://openalex.org/W6735913928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4321444604","https://openalex.org/W2811106690","https://openalex.org/W2936819511","https://openalex.org/W4239306820","https://openalex.org/W2947043951","https://openalex.org/W2318112981","https://openalex.org/W4312417841"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Service-level":[0],"mobile":[1,57,105,147],"traffic":[2,87,106,149,184],"data":[3,37,154,189],"enables":[4],"research":[5,91],"studies":[6],"and":[7,19,66,85,122,134,186],"innovative":[8,130],"applications":[9],"with":[10,152],"a":[11,46,110,117,157],"potential":[12],"to":[13,33,139],"shape":[14],"future":[15],"service-oriented":[16,193],"communication":[17],"systems":[18],"beyond.":[20],"However,":[21],"real-world":[22],"datasets":[23,88],"reporting":[24],"measurements":[25],"at":[26,173],"the":[27,81,90,141,174],"individual":[28],"service":[29,55,148,175],"level":[30,56,176],"are":[31],"hard":[32],"access":[34],"as":[35,76],"such":[36,75,188],"is":[38,45,97,109],"deemed":[39],"commercially":[40],"sensitive":[41],"by":[42,99,116,156],"operators.":[43],"APPSHOT":[44,96,108,167],"model":[47,126],"for":[48,89,177],"generating":[49,146],"synthetic":[50],"high-fidelity":[51],"city-scale":[52],"snapshots":[53],"of":[54,83,95,103],"traffic.":[58],"It":[59],"can":[60,168,190],"operate":[61],"in":[62,145,161],"any":[63],"geographical":[64],"region":[65],"relies":[67],"solely":[68],"on":[69],"easily":[70],"available":[71],"spatial":[72],"context":[73],"information":[74],"population":[77],"density,":[78],"thus":[79],"allowing":[80],"generation":[82,138],"new":[84],"open":[86],"community.":[92],"The":[93,125],"design":[94,114],"informed":[98],"an":[100],"original":[101],"characterization":[102],"service-level":[104],"data.":[107],"novel":[111],"conditional":[112],"GAN":[113],"instantiated":[115],"convolutional":[118],"neural":[119],"network":[120,171],"generator":[121],"two":[123],"discriminators.":[124],"features":[127],"several":[128],"other":[129],"mechanisms":[131],"including":[132],"multi-channel":[133],"overlapping":[135],"patch":[136],"based":[137],"address":[140],"unique":[142],"challenges":[143],"involved":[144],"snapshots.":[150],"Experiments":[151],"ground-truth":[153],"collected":[155],"major":[158],"European":[159],"operator":[160],"multiple":[162],"metropolitan":[163],"areas":[164,178],"show":[165],"that":[166,187],"produce":[169],"realistic":[170],"loads":[172],"where":[179],"it":[180],"has":[181],"no":[182],"prior":[183],"knowledge,":[185],"reliably":[191],"support":[192],"networking":[194],"studies.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-26T15:22:09.906841","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
