{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285218962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3181169","title":"Dual-Hop Mixed FSO-VLC Underwater Wireless Communication Link","display_name":"Dual-Hop Mixed FSO-VLC Underwater Wireless Communication Link","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285218962","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3181169"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3181169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3181169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087420150","display_name":"Mohammad Furqan Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7602-0209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196355604","display_name":"National Research Tomsk State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02he2nc27","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196355604"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I30849647","display_name":"Tomsk Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a45v709","country_code":"RU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I30849647"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Furqan Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Robotics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Robotics, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196355604","https://openalex.org/I30849647"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062076081","display_name":"Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7004-2930"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dushantha Nalin K. Jayakody","raw_affiliation_strings":["COPELABS, Lus&#x00F3;fona University, Lisbon, Portugal"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"COPELABS, Lus&#x00F3;fona University, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005877741","display_name":"Sahil Garg","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0229-608X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sahil Garg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Resilient Machine Leaning Institute, &#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Resilient Machine Leaning Institute, &#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032243366","display_name":"Georges Kaddoum","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5025-6624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9736820","display_name":"\u00c9cole de Technologie Sup\u00e9rieure","ror":"https://ror.org/0020snb74","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49663120","https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georges Kaddoum","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, &#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Montreal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, &#x00C9;cole de Technologie Sup&#x00E9;rieure, Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9736820"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037865550","display_name":"M. Shamim Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5906-9422"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Shamim Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5087420150"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196355604","https://openalex.org/I30849647"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.4852,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89414598,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"3105","last_page":"3120"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9441999793052673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7072246074676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-distribution-function","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","score":0.6894115805625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nakagami-distribution","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","score":0.5575383305549622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5258921980857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5094974637031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4747622013092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.46162086725234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.431536465883255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-wireless","display_name":"Optical wireless","score":0.42111098766326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.4149616062641144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probability-density-function","display_name":"Probability density function","score":0.4062589108943939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3913196325302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37978601455688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.33040666580200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3299744725227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14987626671791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11006805300712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10096314549446106}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7072246074676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.6894115805625916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115098869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3258347","display_name":"Nakagami distribution","level":4,"score":0.5575383305549622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5258921980857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5094974637031555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4747622013092041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.46162086725234985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.431536465883255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098907","display_name":"Optical wireless","level":3,"score":0.42111098766326904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.4149616062641144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.4062589108943939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3913196325302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37978601455688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.33040666580200195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3299744725227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14987626671791077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11006805300712585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10096314549446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3181169","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3181169","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:espace2.etsmtl.ca:24891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://espace2.etsmtl.ca/id/eprint/24891/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402392","display_name":"Espace \u00c9TS (ETS)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1341030882","host_organization_name":"Educational Testing Service","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341030882"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article publi\u00e9 dans une revue, r\u00e9vis\u00e9 par les pairs"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1409666447","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"UIDB/04111/2020 (COPELABS)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","funder_display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5001674455","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20-37-90078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321079","funder_display_name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313922","display_name":"Tomsk Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a45v709"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321079","display_name":"Russian Foundation for Basic Research","ror":"https://ror.org/02mh1ke95"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321145","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334779","display_name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o para a Ci\u00eancia e a Tecnologia","ror":"https://ror.org/00snfqn58"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":67,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W26600685","https://openalex.org/W1496071276","https://openalex.org/W1556909464","https://openalex.org/W1967280221","https://openalex.org/W1999673677","https://openalex.org/W2031028312","https://openalex.org/W2031633761","https://openalex.org/W2043160158","https://openalex.org/W2056447739","https://openalex.org/W2112277396","https://openalex.org/W2120827491","https://openalex.org/W2159142527","https://openalex.org/W2161694611","https://openalex.org/W2336491352","https://openalex.org/W2607059069","https://openalex.org/W2614988589","https://openalex.org/W2621279666","https://openalex.org/W2750795786","https://openalex.org/W2761324638","https://openalex.org/W2776768503","https://openalex.org/W2777658955","https://openalex.org/W2789554261","https://openalex.org/W2804961103","https://openalex.org/W2830155576","https://openalex.org/W2892585710","https://openalex.org/W2892749753","https://openalex.org/W2894608018","https://openalex.org/W2899380713","https://openalex.org/W2902341293","https://openalex.org/W2919149189","https://openalex.org/W2919467228","https://openalex.org/W2925246369","https://openalex.org/W2964218076","https://openalex.org/W2970711532","https://openalex.org/W2970722462","https://openalex.org/W2970816924","https://openalex.org/W2977821678","https://openalex.org/W2983244131","https://openalex.org/W2989928740","https://openalex.org/W2996666220","https://openalex.org/W3010989015","https://openalex.org/W3023536216","https://openalex.org/W3043432765","https://openalex.org/W3045466165","https://openalex.org/W3091348010","https://openalex.org/W3097673270","https://openalex.org/W3100103092","https://openalex.org/W3105783993","https://openalex.org/W3118242851","https://openalex.org/W3128112069","https://openalex.org/W3130108007","https://openalex.org/W3135721642","https://openalex.org/W3152688882","https://openalex.org/W3160965193","https://openalex.org/W3163162511","https://openalex.org/W3174146878","https://openalex.org/W3175406591","https://openalex.org/W3180977669","https://openalex.org/W3195684093","https://openalex.org/W3196531682","https://openalex.org/W3200661868","https://openalex.org/W3204439764","https://openalex.org/W3210596003","https://openalex.org/W4210840103","https://openalex.org/W4221106420","https://openalex.org/W4301779287","https://openalex.org/W6629732099"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2781120465","https://openalex.org/W4390815379","https://openalex.org/W4241916579","https://openalex.org/W2079519759","https://openalex.org/W4213267843","https://openalex.org/W2110604096","https://openalex.org/W2054838430","https://openalex.org/W2340869725","https://openalex.org/W2767098710","https://openalex.org/W2126304552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underwater":[0],"optical":[1],"wireless":[2,9,26,136],"communications":[3],"(UOWCs)":[4],"are":[5,35,99,157,180,220],"promising":[6],"and":[7,23,39,96,122,151,159,231,245,264],"potential":[8],"carriers":[10],"to":[11,31,78,207],"envisage":[12],"underwater":[13,33,135],"phenomenal":[14],"activities":[15],"for":[16,259],"various":[17],"applications":[18,34],"towards":[19],"the":[20,36,47,59,80,90,97,107,133,142,155,184,199,209,215,223,241,256,260,266],"futuristic":[21],"5G":[22],"beyond":[24],"(5GB)":[25],"systems.":[27],"The":[28,175,217],"main":[29],"challenges":[30],"deploy":[32],"physicochemical":[37],"properties":[38],"strong":[40],"turbulence":[41,84],"channel":[42,85,191,212],"conditions.":[43,192],"In":[44,139,193],"this":[45,76,87,195,252],"regard,":[46],"end-to-end":[48],"(E2E)":[49],"performance":[50,178,225],"analysis":[51],"of":[52,67,82,154,163,211,222,243],"a":[53],"dual-hop":[54],"mixed":[55],"FSO/UVLC":[56],"system":[57,156,224],"under":[58],"intensity":[60],"modulation/direct":[61],"detection":[62],"(IM/DD)":[63],"technique":[64],"in":[65,106,126,161,189,240,251],"consideration":[66],"pulse":[68],"amplitude":[69],"modulation":[70],"(PAM)":[71],"scheme":[72],"is":[73],"investigated.":[74],"Throughout":[75],"study,":[77],"tackle":[79],"issues":[81],"moderate-to-strong":[83],"conditions,":[86],"work":[88],"deploys":[89],"Gamma-Gamma":[91],"(GG)":[92],"distribution":[93,144,148],"fading":[94],"model":[95],"links":[98],"designed":[100],"by":[101,182],"unifying":[102],"plane":[103],"wave":[104],"models":[105],"corresponding":[108],"links,":[109],"respectively.":[110],"This":[111],"investigation":[112],"outperforms":[113],"higher":[114],"achievable":[115],"data":[116],"rate":[117],"with":[118,132],"minimal":[119],"delay":[120],"response":[121],"enhance":[123],"network":[124],"connectivity":[125],"real-time":[127],"monitoring":[128],"scenarios":[129],"as":[130,166,168,227],"compared":[131],"traditional":[134],"communication":[137],"technologies.":[138],"more":[140],"contrast,":[141],"probability":[143,233],"function":[145,149,165],"(PDF),":[146],"cumulative":[147],"(CDF),":[150],"closed-form":[152],"expression":[153,268],"derived":[158],"presented":[160],"terms":[162],"Meijer-G":[164,172],"well":[167],"Extended":[169],"Generalized":[170],"Bivariate":[171],"Function":[173],"(EGBMGF).":[174],"significant":[176],"E2E":[177],"metrics":[179,226],"obtained":[181],"employing":[183],"decode-and-forward":[185],"(DF)":[186],"relay":[187],"protocol":[188],"hostile":[190],"aggregating":[194],"work,":[196,253],"we":[197,254],"combine":[198],"analytical":[200],"expressions":[201],"that":[202],"present":[203],"an":[204],"efficient":[205],"tool":[206],"depict":[208],"impact":[210],"parameters":[213],"on":[214],"system.":[216],"simulation":[218,270],"results":[219],"plausible":[221],"average":[228],"BER":[229],"(ABER)":[230],"outage":[232],"<inline-formula":[234],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[235],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[236],"<tex-math":[237],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$(P_{out})$":[238],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[239],"presence":[242],"pointing":[244,247],"without":[246],"error":[248],"events.":[249],"Finally,":[250],"use":[255],"Monte-Carlo":[257],"approach":[258],"best":[261],"fitting":[262],"curves":[263],"validate":[265],"numerical":[267],"yields":[269],"results.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
