{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226195518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3159744","title":"Profit Driven Service Provisioning in Edge Computing via Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Profit Driven Service Provisioning in Edge Computing via Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226195518","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3159744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3159744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3159744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100348343","display_name":"Yuchen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-7313"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuchen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077465517","display_name":"Weifa Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-6740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168719708","display_name":"City University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/03q8dnn23","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weifa Liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8207-6740","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168719708"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100336975","display_name":"Jing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-5574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118347636","display_name":"Australian National University","ror":"https://ror.org/019wvm592","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7027-5574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118347636"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9964,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86597228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"3","first_page":"3006","last_page":"3019"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8802263736724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6576255559921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5571486949920654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.5500848293304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.5211589336395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.4772234261035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4623277187347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4597151279449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.4566257894039154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.45400452613830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.32566505670547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.22378861904144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15516355633735657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8802263736724854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6576255559921265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5571486949920654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.5500848293304443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5211589336395264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4772234261035919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4623277187347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4597151279449463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.4566257894039154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.45400452613830566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.32566505670547485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.22378861904144287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15516355633735657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3159744","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3159744","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1435010830","https://openalex.org/W1962496800","https://openalex.org/W2009797711","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2096703216","https://openalex.org/W2155027007","https://openalex.org/W2158760370","https://openalex.org/W2585512500","https://openalex.org/W2597068831","https://openalex.org/W2623646697","https://openalex.org/W2770702552","https://openalex.org/W2772526503","https://openalex.org/W2786348542","https://openalex.org/W2808417010","https://openalex.org/W2886033427","https://openalex.org/W2895683153","https://openalex.org/W2898526268","https://openalex.org/W2909267459","https://openalex.org/W2911645189","https://openalex.org/W2913871603","https://openalex.org/W2950395671","https://openalex.org/W2963060851","https://openalex.org/W2963334314","https://openalex.org/W2963618158","https://openalex.org/W2964098968","https://openalex.org/W2968424451","https://openalex.org/W2982340041","https://openalex.org/W2982450366","https://openalex.org/W3003427453","https://openalex.org/W3015897189","https://openalex.org/W3023466366","https://openalex.org/W3034004337","https://openalex.org/W3047266715","https://openalex.org/W3105504538","https://openalex.org/W3111145724","https://openalex.org/W3117755275","https://openalex.org/W3135603969","https://openalex.org/W3195447391","https://openalex.org/W3197778677","https://openalex.org/W3214374352","https://openalex.org/W3217494130","https://openalex.org/W4246219036","https://openalex.org/W6628561984","https://openalex.org/W6683204974","https://openalex.org/W6735579001","https://openalex.org/W6769699789","https://openalex.org/W6776243343","https://openalex.org/W6803903021"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2959276766","https://openalex.org/W3111983280","https://openalex.org/W4287990712","https://openalex.org/W3015688179","https://openalex.org/W2996244958","https://openalex.org/W3211897977","https://openalex.org/W3074294383","https://openalex.org/W2994818256","https://openalex.org/W2989288874","https://openalex.org/W3118727533"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,31,51,71,75,78,107,146,160,196,199,211,224],"integration":[2],"of":[3,53,77,170,198,223],"Mobile":[4],"Edge":[5],"Computing":[6],"(MEC)":[7],"and":[8,35,56,119,164],"Network":[9],"Function":[10],"Virtualization":[11],"(NFV),":[12],"service":[13,33,44,63,67,79,85,101,111,117,127,162,179],"providers":[14],"are":[15],"able":[16],"to":[17,21,73,103,115,132,188,191],"provide":[18],"low-latency":[19],"services":[20,122],"mobile":[22],"users":[23],"for":[24,89,159,177],"profit.":[25],"In":[26,139],"this":[27,140],"paper,":[28,141],"we":[29,142],"study":[30],"online":[32,161],"placement":[34,163],"request":[36,59,165,185],"assignment":[37,166,186],"problem":[38,147,167],"in":[39,106,136],"an":[40,153],"MEC":[41,108,137],"network,":[42,109],"where":[43],"requests":[45,86,102,190],"arrive":[46],"one":[47,49],"by":[48,99,123,182,202,218],"without":[50],"knowledge":[52],"future":[54],"arrivals,":[55],"each":[57],"arrived":[58],"demands":[60],"a":[61,65,90,171,183],"specific":[62],"with":[64,70,221],"tolerable":[66],"delay":[68],"requirement":[69],"aim":[72],"maximize":[74],"profit":[76],"provider,":[80],"through":[81,205],"admitting":[82],"as":[83,87],"many":[84],"possible":[88],"given":[91],"monitoring":[92],"period.":[93],"This":[94],"optimization":[95],"objective":[96],"is":[97,148,214],"achieved":[98],"assigning":[100],"appropriate":[104],"cloudlets":[105,114,130],"pre-installing":[110],"instances":[112,128],"into":[113],"shorten":[116],"delays,":[118],"accommodating":[120],"new":[121],"revoking":[124],"some":[125],"idle":[126],"from":[129],"due":[131],"limited":[133],"computing":[134],"resources":[135],"networks.":[138],"first":[143],"show":[144],"that":[145,168,210,222],"NP-hard.":[149],"We":[150,193],"then":[151],"devise":[152],"efficient":[154],"deep":[155,172],"reinforcement":[156,173],"learning":[157],"algorithm":[158,213],"consists":[169],"learning-based":[174],"prediction":[175],"mechanism":[176],"dynamic":[178,184],"placement,":[180],"followed":[181],"procedure":[187],"assign":[189],"cloudlets.":[192],"finally":[194],"evaluate":[195],"performance":[197,217],"proposed":[200,212],"algorithms":[201],"conducting":[203],"experiments":[204],"simulations.":[206],"Simulation":[207],"results":[208],"demonstrate":[209],"promising,":[215],"improving":[216],"46.8%":[219],"compared":[220],"comparison":[225],"algorithms.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}