{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226256448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3157248","title":"On Sustained Zero Trust Conceptualization Security for Mobile Core Networks in 5G and Beyond","display_name":"On Sustained Zero Trust Conceptualization Security for Mobile Core Networks in 5G and Beyond","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226256448","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3157248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3157248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3157248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032612595","display_name":"Yahuza Bello","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-0653"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55707380","display_name":"Manhattan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xhnzg94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55707380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yahuza Bello","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4518-0653","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55707380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055738950","display_name":"Ahmed Refaey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1540-9349"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55707380","display_name":"Manhattan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xhnzg94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55707380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Refaey Hussein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1540-9349","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55707380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089887277","display_name":"Mehmet Ulema","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4373-5624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55707380","display_name":"Manhattan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xhnzg94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55707380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Ulema","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Information Systems, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4373-5624","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Information Systems, Manhattan College, Riverdale, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55707380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046809490","display_name":"Juanita Koilpillai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799533474","display_name":"Waterford Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/04k9e4w52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799533474"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juanita Koilpillai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Waverley Labs, Waterford, VA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Waverley Labs, Waterford, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799533474"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032612595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55707380"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.1256,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96808044,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"2","first_page":"1876","last_page":"1889"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12326","display_name":"Network Packet Processing and Optimization","score":0.9871000051498413,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8176319599151611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7253886461257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-network","display_name":"Core network","score":0.6401010751724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-network","display_name":"Virtual network","score":0.5534828901290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.5252565741539001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.45836931467056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.45241448283195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.42229267954826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.41526076197624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38984912633895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.1822049915790558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18056774139404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-station","display_name":"Mobile station","score":0.1703142523765564}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8176319599151611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7253886461257935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5038329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Core network","level":2,"score":0.6401010751724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.5534828901290894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.5252565741539001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.45836931467056274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.45241448283195496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.42229267954826355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.41526076197624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38984912633895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.1822049915790558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18056774139404297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.1703142523765564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2022.3157248","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2022.3157248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6399999856948853,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192611445","https://openalex.org/W1152223117","https://openalex.org/W2023539726","https://openalex.org/W2055350293","https://openalex.org/W2078831729","https://openalex.org/W2112778826","https://openalex.org/W2160944920","https://openalex.org/W2260783129","https://openalex.org/W2514396107","https://openalex.org/W2604420083","https://openalex.org/W2615325511","https://openalex.org/W2768479872","https://openalex.org/W2783741806","https://openalex.org/W2787666129","https://openalex.org/W2792636363","https://openalex.org/W2798603998","https://openalex.org/W2799154389","https://openalex.org/W2799843691","https://openalex.org/W2883053505","https://openalex.org/W2927212155","https://openalex.org/W2971787081","https://openalex.org/W2972272611","https://openalex.org/W2976189582","https://openalex.org/W2979657369","https://openalex.org/W2979998718","https://openalex.org/W2998126944","https://openalex.org/W3014087345","https://openalex.org/W3081430061","https://openalex.org/W3093665612","https://openalex.org/W3095275465","https://openalex.org/W6751063601"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3171028834","https://openalex.org/W4233956083","https://openalex.org/W2606119541","https://openalex.org/W2571381109","https://openalex.org/W4313017920","https://openalex.org/W2044434950","https://openalex.org/W4361829588","https://openalex.org/W2366863407","https://openalex.org/W2765557566","https://openalex.org/W2972825909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,127,158,180,209],"rapid":[1],"increase":[2],"in":[3,65],"data":[4],"traffic":[5,173],"is":[6],"forcing":[7],"mobile":[8,62,85,119,222],"network":[9,16,37,46,64,87,93,121,138,150,172,224],"operators":[10],"to":[11,18,48,113,139,155,168,201,216,221],"enhance":[12],"and":[13,56,83,132,147,177,185,197],"expand":[14],"their":[15],"infrastructure":[17],"meet":[19],"the":[20,40,45,51,66,78,84,91,118,135,161,170,203,206,212],"new":[21],"requirements":[22],"of":[23,35,160,189,194,205,214],"customers\u2019":[24],"Service":[25,190,195],"Level":[26],"Agreements":[27],"(SLA).":[28],"Network":[29,81],"Function":[30],"Virtualization":[31],"(NFV)":[32],"provides":[33],"abstractions":[34],"core":[36,63,86,92,120,137,149,171,223],"functions":[38,47],"from":[39,174],"vendor-specific":[41],"hardware.":[42],"This":[43],"allows":[44],"move":[49],"around":[50],"cloud,":[52],"providing":[53],"better":[54],"performance":[55],"scaling":[57],"capabilities.":[58],"However,":[59],"deploying":[60],"virtualized":[61,131,136],"cloud":[67],"environment":[68,143],"opens":[69],"many":[70],"security":[71],"concerns":[72],"not":[73],"only":[74,145],"regarding":[75],"communication":[76,219],"between":[77],"Radio":[79],"Access":[80],"(RAN)":[82],"but":[88],"also":[89],"within":[90,117,134],"itself.":[94],"In":[95],"this":[96],"paper,":[97],"we":[98],"propose":[99],"a":[100,141],"framework":[101,164,182],"called":[102],"virtual":[103,108],"Evolved":[104],"Packet":[105],"Core":[106],"-":[107],"Software":[109],"Defined":[110],"Perimeter":[111],"(vEPC-vSDP)":[112],"provide":[114,140,217],"secure":[115,218],"communications":[116],"by":[122],"using":[123],"an":[124],"authentication-based":[125],"approach.":[126],"SDP":[128],"components":[129],"are":[130],"placed":[133],"zero-trust":[142],"where":[144],"authenticated":[146],"authorized":[148],"elements":[151],"can":[152],"have":[153],"access":[154],"one":[156],"another.":[157],"analysis":[159],"proposed":[162,207],"vEPC-vSDP":[163,181,215],"confirms":[165],"its":[166],"ability":[167],"shield":[169],"both":[175],"external":[176],"internal":[178],"attacks.":[179],"was":[183],"implemented":[184],"tested":[186],"against":[187],"Denial":[188,193],"(DoS),":[191],"Distributed":[192],"(DDoS)":[196],"port":[198],"scanning":[199],"attacks":[200],"demonstrate":[202],"resilience":[204],"framework.":[208],"results":[210],"show":[211],"capability":[213],"path":[220],"elements.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-24T08:33:08.758527","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
