{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3179332103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3095673","title":"MARC: On Modeling and Analysis of Software-Defined Radio Access Network Controllers","display_name":"MARC: On Modeling and Analysis of Software-Defined Radio Access Network Controllers","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-07-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3179332103","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3095673","mag":"3179332103"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2021.3095673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3095673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1616459","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068845627","display_name":"Arled Papa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9818-2209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arled Papa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Communications Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9818-2209","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Communications Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004004776","display_name":"Raphael Durner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-1834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raphael Durner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Communications Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4963-1834","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Communications Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077640344","display_name":"Endri Goshi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2539-9778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Endri Goshi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Communications Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Communications Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048370141","display_name":"Leonardo Goratti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-4534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153391","display_name":"Zodiac Aerospace (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0442ypy80","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonardo Goratti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zodiac Inflight Innovations, We\u00dfling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zodiac Inflight Innovations, We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028988755","display_name":"Tinku Rasheed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153391","display_name":"Zodiac Aerospace (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/0442ypy80","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153391"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tinku Rasheed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zodiac Inflight Innovations, We\u00dfling, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zodiac Inflight Innovations, We\u00dfling, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153391"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010345569","display_name":"Andreas Blenk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2001-4050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Blenk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Communications Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2001-4050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Communications Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021781616","display_name":"Wolfgang Kellerer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-8038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Kellerer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Communications Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-8038","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Communications Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7822,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73052778,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"4602","last_page":"4615"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7164869904518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6764575242996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4796160161495209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.45809727907180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.44880372285842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-radio","display_name":"Software-defined radio","score":0.43124428391456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.31977903842926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17620006203651428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16708236932754517}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7164869904518127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6764575242996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4796160161495209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.45809727907180786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.44880372285842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.43124428391456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.31977903842926025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17620006203651428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16708236932754517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2021.3095673","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3095673","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1616459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1616459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1616459","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1616459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400453","display_name":"mediaTUM \u2013 the media and publications repository of the Technical University Munich (Technical University Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5280388049","display_name":"Framework f\u00fcr selbstfahrende Netze basierend auf Methoden des gegnerischen Entwurfs (ADVISE)","funder_award_id":"438892507","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","funder_display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W331141525","https://openalex.org/W1965968818","https://openalex.org/W1978645034","https://openalex.org/W1980959920","https://openalex.org/W2019498356","https://openalex.org/W2040010103","https://openalex.org/W2137655008","https://openalex.org/W2137898377","https://openalex.org/W2147118406","https://openalex.org/W2276802311","https://openalex.org/W2287724167","https://openalex.org/W2557944756","https://openalex.org/W2613717605","https://openalex.org/W2763542410","https://openalex.org/W2791695580","https://openalex.org/W2791939296","https://openalex.org/W2889663855","https://openalex.org/W2890812935","https://openalex.org/W2894459208","https://openalex.org/W2899862955","https://openalex.org/W2907612615","https://openalex.org/W2929764025","https://openalex.org/W2950326302","https://openalex.org/W2963863328","https://openalex.org/W2969594875","https://openalex.org/W2976698151","https://openalex.org/W2979918265","https://openalex.org/W3047703877","https://openalex.org/W4248736227","https://openalex.org/W4253675308","https://openalex.org/W6738027863","https://openalex.org/W6766171158"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4238897586","https://openalex.org/W435179959","https://openalex.org/W2619091065","https://openalex.org/W2059640416","https://openalex.org/W1490753184","https://openalex.org/W2284465472","https://openalex.org/W2291782699","https://openalex.org/W1993948687","https://openalex.org/W2000169967","https://openalex.org/W2112883198"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0,16],"programmability":[1],"also":[2,36],"sneaked":[3],"into":[4],"the":[5,10,131,165,170],"mobile":[6],"world":[7],"leading":[8],"to":[9,49,70,146],"emergence":[11],"of":[12,25,47,58,75,169],"Software-Defined":[13],"Radio":[14],"Access":[15],"(SD-RAN)":[17],"architectures.":[18],"Interestingly,":[19],"while":[20,52],"only":[21],"a":[22,88,135],"small":[23,44],"number":[24],"prototype":[26],"architectures":[27,94,133],"exist":[28],"for":[29,43,92,106,116,164],"SD-RAN,":[30],"their":[31,96],"performance":[32,73,104],"evaluations":[33,39,74],"are":[34,40,65,139],"unfortunately":[35],"limited.":[37],"Recent":[38],"carried":[41],"out":[42],"network":[45,148],"dimensions":[46],"up":[48],"50":[50],"devices,":[51],"emerging":[53],"5G/6G":[54,63],"networks":[55],"envision":[56],"numbers":[57],"devices":[59],"beyond":[60],"5000.":[61],"Although":[62],"applications":[64],"more":[66],"stringent":[67],"with":[68,134],"respect":[69],"latency":[71],"guarantees,":[72],"such":[76],"low":[77],"scale":[78],"remain":[79],"questionable.":[80],"To":[81],"fill":[82],"this":[83,85,125],"void,":[84],"paper":[86],"presentsMARC:":[87],"novel":[89],"benchmarking":[90],"tool":[91,152],"SD-RAN":[93,111,137],"and":[95,102,142,153,160],"controllers.":[97,172],"We":[98,113],"useMARCto":[99],"measure,":[100],"analyze":[101],"identify":[103],"implications":[105],"two":[107],"state-of-the-art":[108],"open":[109],"source":[110],"solutions:FlexRANand5G-EmPOWER.":[112],"perceive":[114],"results":[115],"monitoring":[117],"application":[118],"scenarios":[119],"considering":[120],"fully":[121],"centralized":[122],"control.":[123],"For":[124],"setting,":[126],"our":[127,151,156],"findings":[128],"show":[129],"that":[130],"proposed":[132],"single":[136],"controller":[138],"not":[140],"scalable":[141],"can":[143],"even":[144],"lead":[145],"unpredictable":[147],"operations.":[149],"Using":[150],"based":[154],"on":[155],"insights,":[157],"we":[158],"provide":[159],"implement":[161],"design":[162],"guidelines":[163],"internal":[166],"working":[167],"behavior":[168],"existing":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}