{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3176902034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3093199","title":"Reliability-Aware VNF Placement Using a Probability-Based Approach","display_name":"Reliability-Aware VNF Placement Using a Probability-Based Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3176902034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3093199","mag":"3176902034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2021.3093199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3093199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063213963","display_name":"Yunyi Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0206-2507"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunyi Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0206-2507","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036371434","display_name":"Weichang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7630-3206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weichang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037424940","display_name":"Yongbing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1320-3734"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongbing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1320-3734","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Systems and Information Engineering, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100679241","display_name":"Jie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-6116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4974-6116","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87801197,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"2478","last_page":"2491"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8974306583404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-network","display_name":"Virtual network","score":0.7183960676193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backup","display_name":"Backup","score":0.6786855459213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5331235527992249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.5201135873794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.49268585443496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.48131000995635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.43167731165885925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.39838793873786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.19589588046073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.10548710823059082}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8974306583404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776874963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Virtual network","level":2,"score":0.7183960676193237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780945871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194274","display_name":"Backup","level":2,"score":0.6786855459213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5331235527992249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.5201135873794556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.49268585443496704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.48131000995635986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.43167731165885925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.39838793873786926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19589588046073914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.10548710823059082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2021.3093199","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3093199","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1637248431","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5b89\u5168\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61932014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3115515125","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2020026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3124121441","display_name":"High-speed data communications and robust network design for next generation wireless communication networks","funder_award_id":"21K04544","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","funder_display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334764","display_name":"Japan Society for the Promotion of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhkn466"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479911746","https://openalex.org/W1598701198","https://openalex.org/W1823841943","https://openalex.org/W1965969360","https://openalex.org/W1977059884","https://openalex.org/W1997650479","https://openalex.org/W2011282943","https://openalex.org/W2082357899","https://openalex.org/W2407110432","https://openalex.org/W2490169957","https://openalex.org/W2500898769","https://openalex.org/W2591732478","https://openalex.org/W2623646697","https://openalex.org/W2729266811","https://openalex.org/W2761569688","https://openalex.org/W2766814683","https://openalex.org/W2781581587","https://openalex.org/W2789647349","https://openalex.org/W2789994870","https://openalex.org/W2790045047","https://openalex.org/W2895815772","https://openalex.org/W2897196169","https://openalex.org/W2900629482","https://openalex.org/W2923919516","https://openalex.org/W2925421152","https://openalex.org/W2944715069","https://openalex.org/W2956655210","https://openalex.org/W2980466635","https://openalex.org/W2996392248","https://openalex.org/W2996899367","https://openalex.org/W3009249682","https://openalex.org/W3010026144","https://openalex.org/W3012020085","https://openalex.org/W3036152865","https://openalex.org/W3100859211","https://openalex.org/W3109189483","https://openalex.org/W4289388715","https://openalex.org/W4293863566","https://openalex.org/W6628782388","https://openalex.org/W6635687863","https://openalex.org/W6755019669"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2955195711","https://openalex.org/W2354454611","https://openalex.org/W2993266126","https://openalex.org/W2392283887","https://openalex.org/W2351388597","https://openalex.org/W2939925694","https://openalex.org/W2829881200","https://openalex.org/W4241986464","https://openalex.org/W2184647741","https://openalex.org/W1985525502"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"function":[1],"virtualization":[2],"(NFV)":[3],"is":[4,23,91,171],"a":[5,26,52,75,86,130,156,169,173,188,210],"new":[6],"network":[7,15,27,37,99],"architecture":[8],"concept":[9],"that":[10,175,185],"simplifies":[11],"the":[12,49,72,94,103,110,123,137,140,151,206],"deployment":[13],"of":[14,74,106,125,139,148,168],"services":[16,100],"and":[17,67,82,200],"improves":[18],"service":[19,28,162],"management.":[20],"However,":[21],"it":[22],"challenging":[24],"for":[25,51],"provider":[29],"(NSP)":[30],"to":[31,34,60,92,122,150,160],"decide":[32],"where":[33],"place":[35],"virtual":[36],"functions":[38],"(VNFs).":[39],"Most":[40],"previous":[41,61,194,211],"studies":[42],"have":[43],"considered":[44],"only":[45],"single-chain":[46],"services,":[47],"wherein":[48],"VNFs":[50,73,141],"request":[53,76,170],"are":[54,83,142],"executed":[55,79],"in":[56,70,80,135,164],"sequence.":[57],"In":[58],"contrast":[59],"approaches,":[62],"we":[63,128,154],"consider":[64],"more":[65],"general":[66],"practical":[68],"situations":[69],"which":[71,136,165],"can":[77,176],"be":[78,177],"parallel":[81],"represented":[84],"as":[85,114,209],"forwarding":[87],"graph.":[88],"Our":[89],"objective":[90],"maximize":[93],"profits":[95],"earned":[96],"by":[97],"providing":[98],"while":[101,196,213],"satisfying":[102],"delay":[104],"requirements":[105],"requests.":[107,181],"We":[108],"formulate":[109],"VNF":[111,167],"placement":[112],"problem":[113],"an":[115],"integer":[116],"linear":[117],"programming":[118],"(ILP)":[119],"problem.":[120],"Due":[121],"complexity":[124],"this":[126],"problem,":[127],"propose":[129,155],"probability-based":[131],"approach":[132],"called":[133],"PBP,":[134],"placements":[138],"determined":[143],"based":[144],"on":[145],"their":[146],"probabilities":[147],"contributing":[149],"profit.":[152,217],"Furthermore,":[153],"heuristic":[157],"reliability-aware":[158,203],"algorithm":[159,204,212],"guarantee":[161],"reliability,":[163],"each":[166],"assigned":[172],"backup":[174],"shared":[178],"with":[179],"other":[180],"Simulation":[182],"experiments":[183],"show":[184],"PBP":[186],"achieves":[187],"much":[189,215],"shorter":[190],"computation":[191],"time":[192],"than":[193],"algorithms":[195],"earning":[197],"higher":[198,216],"profit,":[199],"furthermore,":[201],"our":[202],"provides":[205],"same":[207],"reliability":[208],"yielding":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}