{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157391927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3075552","title":"Blocklist Babel: On the Transparency and Dynamics of Open Source Blocklisting","display_name":"Blocklist Babel: On the Transparency and Dynamics of Open Source Blocklisting","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-04-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157391927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3075552","mag":"3157391927"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2021.3075552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3075552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040431181","display_name":"\u00c1lvaro Feal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6658-1800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro Feal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain","IMDEA Networks Institute, Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083690863","display_name":"Pelayo Vallina","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7551-7176"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pelayo Vallina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain","IMDEA Networks Institute, Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064537557","display_name":"Julien Gamba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4554-8291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julien Gamba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain","IMDEA Networks Institute, Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telematic Engineering, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065221727","display_name":"Sergio Pastrana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1036-6359"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Pastrana","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department on Computer Science and Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department on Computer Science and Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051755599","display_name":"Antonio Nappa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2692-7336"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Nappa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EECS, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EECS, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003825969","display_name":"Oliver Hohlfeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7557-1081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51783024","display_name":"Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg","ror":"https://ror.org/02wxx3e24","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51783024"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Hohlfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Brandenburg University of Technology, Cottbus, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51783024"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016569835","display_name":"Narseo Vallina-Rodr\u00edguez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5420-6835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1297971548","display_name":"International Computer Science Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/01ewh7m12","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]}],"countries":["ES","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA","Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez is IMDEA Networks Institute, Leganes, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"International Computer Science Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1297971548"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Narseo Vallina-Rodriguez is IMDEA Networks Institute, Leganes, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070199150","display_name":"Juan Tapiador","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4573-3967"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan Tapiador","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department on Computer Science and Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department on Computer Science and Technology, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Legan\u00e9s, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040431181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160","https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6821,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95022148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"2","first_page":"1334","last_page":"1349"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7693142294883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.6723510026931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/documentation","display_name":"Documentation","score":0.6481932401657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crawling","display_name":"Crawling","score":0.5997056365013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.5731196999549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5029625296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.4802530109882355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"Accountability","score":0.47455033659935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.46729496121406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profiling","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","score":0.4555131793022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4282432198524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.4221291244029999}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7693142294883728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.6723510026931763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56666940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788790","display_name":"Documentation","level":2,"score":0.6481932401657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100368936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411725","display_name":"Crawling","level":2,"score":0.5997056365013123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.5731196999549866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5029625296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.4802530109882355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.47455033659935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.46729496121406555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187191949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1138496","display_name":"Profiling (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.4555131793022156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4282432198524475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.4221291244029999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2021.3075552","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2021.3075552","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309327","display_name":"Google","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996569340","https://openalex.org/W2017968904","https://openalex.org/W2058074787","https://openalex.org/W2059640750","https://openalex.org/W2087027764","https://openalex.org/W2122505515","https://openalex.org/W2123402141","https://openalex.org/W2130196635","https://openalex.org/W2142595254","https://openalex.org/W2144415203","https://openalex.org/W2160353917","https://openalex.org/W2171498813","https://openalex.org/W2327620174","https://openalex.org/W2341516340","https://openalex.org/W2477543770","https://openalex.org/W2507243618","https://openalex.org/W2514847810","https://openalex.org/W2533698187","https://openalex.org/W2695177217","https://openalex.org/W2896791402","https://openalex.org/W2951691122","https://openalex.org/W2965837624","https://openalex.org/W3007418556","https://openalex.org/W3012815836","https://openalex.org/W3093853059","https://openalex.org/W3094487866","https://openalex.org/W4229706427","https://openalex.org/W4289373305","https://openalex.org/W6678180042","https://openalex.org/W6725223687","https://openalex.org/W6766930077"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4393220254","https://openalex.org/W4321258516","https://openalex.org/W2051833850","https://openalex.org/W4287845917","https://openalex.org/W3156164993","https://openalex.org/W2385015894","https://openalex.org/W2171573941","https://openalex.org/W4360873893","https://openalex.org/W4390135167","https://openalex.org/W3199802296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Blocklists":[0],"constitute":[1],"a":[2,74,98,143],"widely-used":[3],"Internet":[4],"security":[5],"mechanism":[6],"to":[7,112],"filter":[8],"undesired":[9],"network":[10],"traffic":[11],"based":[12],"on":[13,115,131],"IP/domain":[14],"reputation":[15],"and":[16,32,64,76,82,121,139,152,178,183,194,208],"behavior.":[17],"Many":[18],"blocklists":[19,85],"are":[20],"distributed":[21],"in":[22,168,203],"open":[23,83],"source":[24,84],"form":[25],"by":[26],"threat":[27],"intelligence":[28],"providers":[29,53],"who":[30],"aggregate":[31],"process":[33],"input":[34],"from":[35,41,180],"their":[36,47,58,116,148,159,189],"own":[37],"sensors,":[38],"but":[39],"also":[40,155],"third-party":[42],"feeds":[43],"or":[44],"providers.":[45,68],"Despite":[46],"wide":[48],"adoption,":[49],"many":[50],"open-source":[51],"blocklist":[52,134],"lack":[54,128,185],"clear":[55],"documentation":[56,187],"about":[57,188],"structure,":[59],"curation":[60],"process,":[61],"contents,":[62],"dynamics,":[63,118],"inter-relationships":[65],"with":[66,86,201],"other":[67],"In":[69],"this":[70],"paper,":[71],"we":[72,96,124],"perform":[73,97],"transparency":[75],"content":[77,137],"analysis":[78],"of":[79,89,129,170,186,205],"2,093":[80],"free":[81],"the":[87,127,181,184,199],"aim":[88],"exploring":[90],"those":[91],"questions.":[92],"To":[93],"that":[94,146],"end,":[95],"longitudinal":[99],"6-month":[100],"crawling":[101],"campaign":[102],"yielding":[103],"more":[104],"than":[105],"13.5M":[106],"unique":[107],"records.":[108],"This":[109],"allows":[110],"us":[111],"shed":[113],"light":[114],"nature,":[117],"inter-provider":[119],"relationships,":[120],"transparency.":[122],"Specifically,":[123],"discuss":[125],"how":[126,173],"consensus":[130],"distribution":[132],"formats,":[133],"labeling":[135],"taxonomy,":[136],"focus,":[138],"temporal":[140],"dynamics":[141],"creates":[142],"complex":[144],"ecosystem":[145],"complicates":[147],"combined":[149],"crawling,":[150],"aggregation":[151],"use.":[153],"We":[154,197],"provide":[156],"observations":[157],"regarding":[158],"generally":[160],"low":[161],"overlap":[162],"as":[163,165],"well":[164],"acute":[166],"differences":[167],"terms":[169,204],"liveness":[171],"(i.e.,":[172],"frequently":[174],"records":[175],"get":[176],"indexed":[177],"removed":[179],"list)":[182],"data":[190],"collection":[191],"processes,":[192],"nature":[193],"intended":[195],"purpose.":[196],"conclude":[198],"paper":[200],"recommendations":[202],"transparency,":[206],"accountability,":[207],"standardization.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}