{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3088331253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.3026948","title":"Toward an Automated Data Offloading Framework for Multi-RAT 5G Wireless Networks","display_name":"Toward an Automated Data Offloading Framework for Multi-RAT 5G Wireless Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3088331253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.3026948","mag":"3088331253"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2020.3026948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.3026948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009938662","display_name":"Murk Marvi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4100-2179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746803","display_name":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05db8zr24","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Murk Marvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer and Information Systems Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4100-2179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and Information Systems Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028375790","display_name":"Adnan Aijaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1048-0469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143477","display_name":"Toshiba (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/054hmd463","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292669757","https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Aijaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bristol Research and Innovation Laboratory, Toshiba Europe Ltd., Bristol, U.K"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bristol Research and Innovation Laboratory, Toshiba Europe Ltd., Bristol, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143477"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029917628","display_name":"Muhammad Khurram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-120X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746803","display_name":"NED University of Engineering and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05db8zr24","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Khurram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer and Information Systems Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer and Information Systems Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746803"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8639,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71782003,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"2584","last_page":"2597"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9016678333282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.7132204174995422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5432764887809753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.48718637228012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4585750699043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.4565931558609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4532044231891632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.44806185364723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.43674707412719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4329535961151123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9016678333282471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.7132204174995422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5432764887809753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.48718637228012085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4585750699043274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.4565931558609009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4532044231891632},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.44806185364723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.43674707412719727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4329535961151123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2020.3026948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.3026948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322799","display_name":"Higher Education Commission, Pakistan","ror":"https://ror.org/038y3sz68"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515851193","https://openalex.org/W1975670011","https://openalex.org/W1977433894","https://openalex.org/W1986247300","https://openalex.org/W1997858594","https://openalex.org/W2005108639","https://openalex.org/W2016124574","https://openalex.org/W2106200035","https://openalex.org/W2127339858","https://openalex.org/W2132777427","https://openalex.org/W2134289576","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2278683827","https://openalex.org/W2296063911","https://openalex.org/W2328220946","https://openalex.org/W2336650418","https://openalex.org/W2412639714","https://openalex.org/W2500898769","https://openalex.org/W2558339498","https://openalex.org/W2599558834","https://openalex.org/W2606832948","https://openalex.org/W2740027807","https://openalex.org/W2749928005","https://openalex.org/W2765795219","https://openalex.org/W2767138845","https://openalex.org/W2793438365","https://openalex.org/W2806494329","https://openalex.org/W2896310930","https://openalex.org/W2907617748","https://openalex.org/W2907684919","https://openalex.org/W2945057029","https://openalex.org/W2971521446","https://openalex.org/W2971564397","https://openalex.org/W2971913929","https://openalex.org/W3023043950","https://openalex.org/W3103898516","https://openalex.org/W3105225010","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W6730413993"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378211422","https://openalex.org/W4321353415","https://openalex.org/W2745001401","https://openalex.org/W2130974462","https://openalex.org/W2028665553","https://openalex.org/W2086519370","https://openalex.org/W2315999538","https://openalex.org/W187740018","https://openalex.org/W2162286586","https://openalex.org/W4255368532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Offloading":[0],"among":[1],"multiple":[2],"radio":[3],"access":[4],"technologies":[5],"(RATs)":[6],"is":[7,35,104,121],"an":[8,25,89,116],"effective":[9],"solution":[10],"to":[11,149],"tackle":[12],"some":[13],"of":[14,45,132,145,153],"the":[15,32,42,46,76,81,97,129,151,159,172,176,182],"key":[16],"challenges":[17],"faced":[18],"by":[19,49,93,106,123,138,162],"5G":[20],"wireless":[21,135],"networks.":[22],"While":[23],"making":[24],"offloading":[26,30,60,91,102,119,160,188],"decision,":[27],"in":[28,53],"user-centric":[29],"schemes,":[31],"network":[33,98],"context":[34],"not":[36],"taken":[37],"into":[38,88,95],"account,":[39],"which":[40,68],"limits":[41],"full":[43],"utilization":[44],"potential":[47],"offered":[48],"these":[50],"techniques.":[51],"Therefore,":[52],"this":[54,86],"work,":[55],"we":[56,156],"develop":[57],"a":[58,63,66,70,108,133],"data":[59,73,101,118,187],"framework":[61,184],"wherein":[62],"user":[64,82],"defines":[65],"tuple,":[67],"includes":[69],"request":[71],"for":[72,127,142],"service":[74],"and":[75,80,115,137],"associated":[77],"delay":[78],"limit,":[79],"equipment":[83],"(UE)":[84],"translates":[85],"tuple":[87],"optimal":[90],"policy":[92,164],"taking":[94],"account":[96],"context.":[99],"The":[100,168],"problem":[103,161],"formulated":[105],"assuming":[107],"finite":[109],"horizon":[110],"Markov":[111,140],"decision":[112],"process":[113,141],"(MDP),":[114],"analytical":[117,173],"model":[120],"derived":[122,154],"using":[124,163],"stochastic":[125],"geometry":[126],"modeling":[128],"spatial":[130],"domain":[131],"multi-RAT":[134],"network,":[136],"employing":[139],"capturing":[143],"mobility":[144],"users.":[146],"In":[147],"order":[148],"validate":[150],"performance":[152],"model,":[155],"also":[157,180],"solve":[158],"iteration":[165],"(PI)":[166],"algorithm.":[167,178],"results":[169],"show":[170],"that":[171],"algorithm":[174],"outperforms":[175],"iterative":[177],"We":[179],"benchmark":[181],"proposed":[183],"against":[185],"standard":[186],"methods.":[189]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}