{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3084324382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.3022278","title":"A Privacy-Preserving Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Multi-Domain Virtual Network Embedding","display_name":"A Privacy-Preserving Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Multi-Domain Virtual Network Embedding","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-09-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3084324382","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.3022278","mag":"3084324382"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2020.3022278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.3022278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9187205","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046971659","display_name":"Davide Andreoletti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3790-9341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15196421","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/05ep8g269","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["CH","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Davide Andreoletti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","Networking Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3790-9341","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networking Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038016937","display_name":"Tanya Velichkova","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15196421","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/05ep8g269","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tanya Velichkova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Networking Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networking Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047350739","display_name":"Giacomo Verticale","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-9706"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Verticale","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7508-9706","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038468421","display_name":"Massimo Tornatore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0740-1061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Tornatore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0740-1061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Elettronica, Informazione e Bioingegneria, Politecnico di Milano, Milano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055844783","display_name":"Silvia Giordano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2603-9029"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I15196421","display_name":"University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland","ror":"https://ror.org/05ep8g269","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Giordano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Networking Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Networking Laboratory, University of Applied Sciences of Southern Switzerland, Manno, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I15196421"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.782,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91014254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"2291","last_page":"2304"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9829000234603882,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8553381562232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5839079022407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedding","display_name":"Embedding","score":0.5552390813827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5243404507637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.5069153904914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.47838130593299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3761058449745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3729444742202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1612120270729065}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8553381562232971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5839079022407532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41608201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q980509","display_name":"Embedding","level":2,"score":0.5552390813827515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5243404507637024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.5069153904914856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.47838130593299866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3761058449745178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3729444742202759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1612120270729065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2020.3022278","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.3022278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1145747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9187205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1145747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9187205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W625736106","https://openalex.org/W1498641413","https://openalex.org/W1524288918","https://openalex.org/W1579771234","https://openalex.org/W1990259429","https://openalex.org/W2022070214","https://openalex.org/W2091845854","https://openalex.org/W2125150972","https://openalex.org/W2132238781","https://openalex.org/W2141420453","https://openalex.org/W2145982992","https://openalex.org/W2150944886","https://openalex.org/W2281349988","https://openalex.org/W2595166142","https://openalex.org/W2796034768","https://openalex.org/W2799004384","https://openalex.org/W2890288598","https://openalex.org/W2916725303","https://openalex.org/W2926804451","https://openalex.org/W2963407617","https://openalex.org/W2964044673","https://openalex.org/W2969412990","https://openalex.org/W2986360229","https://openalex.org/W4299802797","https://openalex.org/W6631325483","https://openalex.org/W6734681594","https://openalex.org/W6738796088","https://openalex.org/W6772839763"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081900870","https://openalex.org/W2037549926","https://openalex.org/W2345479200","https://openalex.org/W2183306018","https://openalex.org/W2849310602","https://openalex.org/W3006008237","https://openalex.org/W2419146053","https://openalex.org/W4388890789","https://openalex.org/W2088247287","https://openalex.org/W2963903416"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,215],"problem":[1],"of":[2,54,110,197,205,218,225,257,281],"optimally":[3],"deploying":[4],"a":[5,9,28,67,85,105,151,186,278],"virtual":[6,187],"network":[7,12],"onto":[8],"substrate":[10,50],"physical":[11,42,49],"is":[13,25,52,123,128,139,221],"referred":[14],"to":[15,30,66,79,117,155,176,192,233,238],"as":[16,90,210],"Virtual":[17],"Network":[18],"Embedding":[19],"(VNE).":[20],"In":[21,45,58,146,263],"general,":[22,264],"this":[23,59,120,147],"embedding":[24,96,122,126,203,248,266],"requested":[26],"by":[27,100,260],"customer":[29,102,160,179,231],"an":[31,81,206],"Internet":[32],"Service":[33],"Provider":[34],"(ISP),":[35],"which":[36],"performs":[37],"the":[38,48,71,95,101,111,134,159,165,178,181,193,222,230,245,255,261,269],"VNE":[39],"over":[40],"its":[41],"telecom":[43],"network.":[44],"several":[46],"situations,":[47],"infrastructure":[51,113],"composed":[53],"multiple":[55],"independent":[56],"ISPs.":[57],"scenario,":[60],"ISPs":[61,115,162,182,228],"are":[62,77,189],"concerned":[63],"about":[64,185],"exposing":[65],"third-party":[68],"entity":[69],"(e.g.,":[70,125,183],"customer)":[72],"sensitive":[73],"infrastructural":[74],"details":[75,184],"that":[76,114,158,227],"needed":[78],"perform":[80],"effective":[82],"embedding.":[83],"Following":[84],"common":[86],"privacy-preserving":[87],"approach,":[88,121],"known":[89],"Limited":[91],"Information":[92,143],"Disclosure":[93,144],"(LID),":[94],"may":[97],"be":[98,275],"performed":[99],"based":[103],"on":[104],"limited":[106],"and":[107,161,180,200,229,250,271],"abstracted":[108],"view":[109],"multi-domain":[112],"accept":[116],"expose.":[118],"With":[119],"sub-optimal":[124],"cost":[127,204,249],"not":[129,285],"minimized)":[130],"in":[131,195],"comparison":[132],"with":[133,235],"case":[135],"where":[136],"all":[137],"information":[138],"available,":[140],"i.e.,":[141],"Full":[142],"(FID).":[145],"work,":[148],"we":[149,242],"propose":[150],"Reinforcement-Learning-based":[152],"algorithm":[153,220],"able":[154],"process":[156],"data":[157,226,251,282],"cipher":[163],"under":[164],"Shamir":[166],"Secret":[167],"Sharing":[168],"(SSS)":[169],"scheme.":[170],"This":[171],"approach":[172],"guarantees":[173],"total":[174],"privacy":[175,288],"both":[177],"function":[188],"only":[190],"revealed":[191],"ISP":[194],"charge":[196],"hosting":[198],"it)":[199],"achieves":[201],"comparable":[202],"existing":[207],"FID":[208,270],"heuristic,":[209],"observed":[211],"from":[212,254],"extensive":[213],"simulations.":[214],"main":[216],"drawback":[217],"our":[219],"high":[223],"overhead":[224,252],"need":[232],"exchange":[234],"each":[236],"other":[237],"execute":[239],"it.":[240],"Hence,":[241],"also":[243],"explore":[244],"trade-off":[246],"between":[247,268],"resulting":[253],"reduction":[256,280],"operations":[258],"done":[259],"RL.":[262],"intermediate":[265],"costs":[267],"LID":[272],"heuristics":[273],"can":[274],"obtained":[276],"at":[277],"significant":[279],"overhead,":[283],"while":[284],"sacrificing":[286],"any":[287],"guarantees.":[289]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
