{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3080845193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.3018303","title":"Estimation of the Quality of Experience During Video Streaming From Facial Expression and Gaze Direction","display_name":"Estimation of the Quality of Experience During Video Streaming From Facial Expression and Gaze Direction","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-08-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3080845193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.3018303","mag":"3080845193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2020.3018303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.3018303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9171870","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048515363","display_name":"Simone Porcu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-1200"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Porcu","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIEE, University of Cagliari, UdR CNIT of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-1200","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIEE, University of Cagliari, UdR CNIT of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045207227","display_name":"Alessandro Floris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-1327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Floris","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIEE, University of Cagliari, UdR CNIT of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8745-1327","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIEE, University of Cagliari, UdR CNIT of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063539298","display_name":"Jan\u2010Niklas Voigt\u2010Antons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2786-9262"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan-Niklas Voigt-Antons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quality and Usability Lab, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Speech and Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2786-9262","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quality and Usability Lab, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech and Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004550036","display_name":"Luigi Atzori","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-3574"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Atzori","raw_affiliation_strings":["DIEE, University of Cagliari, UdR CNIT of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1350-3574","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DIEE, University of Cagliari, UdR CNIT of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075001284","display_name":"Sebastian M\u00f6ller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3057-0760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33256026","display_name":"German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/01ayc5b57","country_code":"DE","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sebastian Moller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Quality and Usability Lab, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Speech and Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3057-0760","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Quality and Usability Lab, Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Speech and Language Technology Lab, German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33256026"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.725,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87021585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"4","first_page":"2702","last_page":"2716"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11605","display_name":"Visual Attention and Saliency Detection","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.9889000058174133,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8651066422462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.724770188331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.659368097782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-experience","display_name":"Quality of experience","score":0.6355664730072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5412042737007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.49238264560699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.4914025068283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crowdsourcing","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","score":0.4901784062385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.40747201442718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3609108626842499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.34269851446151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.33630743622779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.2497839629650116}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8651066422462463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.724770188331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.659368097782135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132648","display_name":"Quality of experience","level":3,"score":0.6355664730072021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5412042737007141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.49238264560699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.4914025068283081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62230096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275969","display_name":"Crowdsourcing","level":2,"score":0.4901784062385559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.40747201442718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3609108626842499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.34269851446151733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.33630743622779846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.2497839629650116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2020.3018303","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.3018303","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/300701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9171870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/300701","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9171870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1537393433","https://openalex.org/W1539740272","https://openalex.org/W1628791547","https://openalex.org/W1769933788","https://openalex.org/W1951319388","https://openalex.org/W1993008522","https://openalex.org/W2007572929","https://openalex.org/W2011954229","https://openalex.org/W2020738756","https://openalex.org/W2025518782","https://openalex.org/W2031828545","https://openalex.org/W2046331708","https://openalex.org/W2066248028","https://openalex.org/W2091137065","https://openalex.org/W2103943262","https://openalex.org/W2104933073","https://openalex.org/W2160115902","https://openalex.org/W2161228375","https://openalex.org/W2163031058","https://openalex.org/W2181349885","https://openalex.org/W2192778101","https://openalex.org/W2198538320","https://openalex.org/W2261601929","https://openalex.org/W2331829983","https://openalex.org/W2351381307","https://openalex.org/W2468725259","https://openalex.org/W2487852963","https://openalex.org/W2506506742","https://openalex.org/W2518772150","https://openalex.org/W2578772659","https://openalex.org/W2604764451","https://openalex.org/W2727698908","https://openalex.org/W2728293462","https://openalex.org/W2731412463","https://openalex.org/W2789243810","https://openalex.org/W2802641332","https://openalex.org/W2804559716","https://openalex.org/W2805781993","https://openalex.org/W2806526132","https://openalex.org/W2807126412","https://openalex.org/W2808676993","https://openalex.org/W2810598854","https://openalex.org/W2891656869","https://openalex.org/W2921071643","https://openalex.org/W2934151236","https://openalex.org/W2936116556","https://openalex.org/W2947167948","https://openalex.org/W2948397451","https://openalex.org/W2953565240","https://openalex.org/W2954088335","https://openalex.org/W2955838121","https://openalex.org/W2963464104","https://openalex.org/W2974224712","https://openalex.org/W2975514403","https://openalex.org/W2995034616","https://openalex.org/W3012186415","https://openalex.org/W3015018346","https://openalex.org/W3102661353","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6632097193","https://openalex.org/W6675634716"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3032998312","https://openalex.org/W1503094549","https://openalex.org/W4384486036","https://openalex.org/W135177976","https://openalex.org/W2337920774","https://openalex.org/W4318823662","https://openalex.org/W2886410948","https://openalex.org/W2025875869","https://openalex.org/W2082717302","https://openalex.org/W2291113340"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,7,18,21,45,56,71,80,102,121,135,143,146,153,176,192,196,202,208,214,223,234,237],"possibility":[4],"to":[5,58,84,106,151,174,190],"estimate":[6],"perceived":[8,156],"Quality":[9],"of":[10,20,23,47,73,137,145,236],"Experience":[11],"(QoE)":[12],"automatically":[13],"and":[14,31,76,87,113,158,167,217],"unobtrusively":[15],"by":[16,109,125,211],"analyzing":[17],"face":[19],"consumer":[22],"video":[24,51],"streaming":[25,52],"services,":[26],"from":[27,178],"which":[28],"facial":[29,129,139,159],"expression":[30],"gaze":[32],"direction":[33],"are":[34,104,123,149],"extracted.":[35],"If":[36],"effective,":[37],"this":[38,68],"would":[39,69,77],"be":[40],"a":[41,98,117,164,168,226],"valuable":[42],"tool":[43],"for":[44,64],"monitoring":[46],"personal":[48],"QoE":[49,177],"during":[50],"services":[53],"without":[54],"asking":[55],"user":[57],"provide":[59],"feedback,":[60],"with":[61,82,142,163,186,207,221,225],"great":[62],"advantages":[63],"service":[65],"management.":[66],"Additionally,":[67],"eliminate":[70],"bias":[72],"subjective":[74],"tests":[75],"avoid":[78],"bothering":[79],"viewers":[81],"questions":[83],"collect":[85],"opinions":[86],"feedback.":[88],"The":[89,128],"performed":[90,197],"analysis":[91],"relies":[92],"on":[93],"two":[94],"different":[95],"experiments:":[96],"i)":[97],"crowdsourcing":[99],"test,":[100,119],"where":[101,120],"videos":[103,122],"subject":[105],"impairments":[107],"caused":[108],"long":[110],"initial":[111],"delays":[112],"re-buffering":[114],"events;":[115],"ii)":[116],"laboratory":[118],"affected":[124],"blurring":[126],"effects.":[127],"Action":[130],"Units":[131],"(AU)":[132],"that":[133,201],"represent":[134],"contractions":[136],"specific":[138],"muscles":[140],"together":[141],"position":[144],"eyes'":[147],"pupils":[148],"extracted":[150],"identify":[152],"correlation":[154],"between":[155],"quality":[157,193],"expressions.":[160],"An":[161],"SVM":[162],"quadratic":[165],"kernel":[166],"k-NN":[169,209],"classifier":[170,210],"have":[171,182],"been":[172,184],"tested":[173],"predict":[175],"these":[179],"features.":[180],"These":[181],"also":[183],"combined":[185],"measured":[187],"application-level":[188],"parameters":[189],"improve":[191],"prediction.":[194],"From":[195],"experiments,":[198],"it":[199,220],"results":[200],"best":[203],"performance":[204],"is":[205],"obtained":[206],"combining":[212],"all":[213],"described":[215],"features":[216],"after":[218],"training":[219],"both":[222],"datasets,":[224],"prediction":[227],"accuracy":[228],"as":[229,231],"high":[230],"93.9%":[232],"outperforming":[233],"state":[235],"art":[238],"achievements.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
