{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3002774406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.2969086","title":"A Diverse Band-Aware Dynamic Spectrum Access Network Architecture for Delay-Tolerant Smart City Applications","display_name":"A Diverse Band-Aware Dynamic Spectrum Access Network Architecture for Delay-Tolerant Smart City Applications","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3002774406","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.2969086","mag":"3002774406"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2020.2969086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.2969086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083496212","display_name":"Vijay K. Shah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4501-8170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay K. Shah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4501-8170","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026788004","display_name":"Brian Luciano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135428043","display_name":"Cisco Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03yt1ez60","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135428043"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Luciano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cisco Systems, San Jose, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cisco Systems, San Jose, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135428043"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009742150","display_name":"Simone Silvestri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2357-3429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I143302722","display_name":"University of Kentucky","ror":"https://ror.org/02k3smh20","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simone Silvestri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2357-3429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I143302722"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077299535","display_name":"Shameek Bhattacharjee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-9447"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shameek Bhattacharjee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-9447","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050881965","display_name":"Sajal K. Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-0868"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20382870","display_name":"Missouri University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00scwqd12","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sajal K. Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-0868","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20382870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7077,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73632966,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"1125","last_page":"1139"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7759543061256409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7658590078353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-city","display_name":"Smart city","score":0.5565064549446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.5359504818916321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.527018666267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gsm","display_name":"GSM","score":0.496844083070755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.45879361033439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-access","display_name":"Internet access","score":0.4512096047401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4494020938873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.449399471282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.2071516215801239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.1413114070892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09328371286392212}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7759543061256409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7658590078353882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777103469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1231558","display_name":"Smart city","level":3,"score":0.5565064549446106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.5359504818916321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.527018666267395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59201141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46904","display_name":"GSM","level":2,"score":0.496844083070755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.45879361033439636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83849155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1472399","display_name":"Internet access","level":3,"score":0.4512096047401428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4494020938873291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.449399471282959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.2071516215801239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.1413114070892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09328371286392212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2020.2969086","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2020.2969086","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3594589642","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1818942","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5007970516","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1545050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8871778013","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1545037","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","funder_display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337388","display_name":"Division of Computer and Network Systems","ror":"https://ror.org/02rdzmk74"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":45,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W644975654","https://openalex.org/W1572481965","https://openalex.org/W1677486363","https://openalex.org/W1969391580","https://openalex.org/W1978315811","https://openalex.org/W1989750313","https://openalex.org/W2010772936","https://openalex.org/W2018158229","https://openalex.org/W2024699613","https://openalex.org/W2035350896","https://openalex.org/W2041404167","https://openalex.org/W2044421179","https://openalex.org/W2058401212","https://openalex.org/W2060383394","https://openalex.org/W2103127461","https://openalex.org/W2113223292","https://openalex.org/W2115603171","https://openalex.org/W2125957038","https://openalex.org/W2134732869","https://openalex.org/W2137163110","https://openalex.org/W2138828289","https://openalex.org/W2142651281","https://openalex.org/W2144369278","https://openalex.org/W2146464777","https://openalex.org/W2149549738","https://openalex.org/W2150351031","https://openalex.org/W2150957281","https://openalex.org/W2187551835","https://openalex.org/W2296478341","https://openalex.org/W2345071975","https://openalex.org/W2471453637","https://openalex.org/W2546932245","https://openalex.org/W2557317479","https://openalex.org/W2593816511","https://openalex.org/W2740324756","https://openalex.org/W2796816127","https://openalex.org/W2887280345","https://openalex.org/W2888088719","https://openalex.org/W2903029935","https://openalex.org/W2919595898","https://openalex.org/W2945265991","https://openalex.org/W2978725006","https://openalex.org/W2998218219","https://openalex.org/W3023657776","https://openalex.org/W6634082847"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1823457431","https://openalex.org/W1939054760","https://openalex.org/W2010532256","https://openalex.org/W2553656238","https://openalex.org/W4238732447","https://openalex.org/W2155503889","https://openalex.org/W2116284816","https://openalex.org/W4388427491","https://openalex.org/W2142972685","https://openalex.org/W1528209454"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"According":[0],"to":[1,52,61,68,79,84,116,124,154,181],"the":[2,13,64,69,85,118,261,277],"Smart":[3,23,101,125,170],"City":[4],"Council,":[5],"an":[6,139],"adequate":[7],"telecommunications":[8],"infrastructure":[9],"is":[10,136],"vital":[11],"for":[12,38,222,245,255],"success":[14],"of":[15,22,71,73,82,120,188,216,279,294],"businesses,":[16],"industries":[17],"as":[18,20,33,178],"well":[19],"residents":[21],"cities.":[24],"However,":[25],"currently":[26],"available":[27],"standard":[28,128],"and":[29,41,104,111,129,184,196,208,231,251,300],"cellular":[30,130],"technologies,":[31],"such":[32,223],"3/4G,":[34],"GSM":[35],"(Global":[36],"System":[37],"Mobile":[39],"Communications)":[40],"LTE":[42],"(Long-Term":[43],"Evolution),":[44],"are":[45,58,77,167],"rapidly":[46],"reaching":[47],"their":[48],"limit":[49],"mainly":[50],"due":[51,67],"increased":[53,121],"traffic":[54,122],"demand.":[55],"Such":[56],"limitations":[57],"only":[59],"going":[60],"worsen":[62],"in":[63,159,193,210,218,260,268,292],"next":[65,257],"years,":[66],"advent":[70],"Internet":[72],"Things":[74],"technologies":[75],"that":[76,96,148,176,239,284],"expected":[78],"interconnect":[80],"billions":[81],"devices":[83,166],"Internet.":[86],"In":[87],"this":[88],"paper,":[89],"we":[90,227],"propose":[91,228],"a":[92,113,150,194,229,241,247],"novel":[93],"network":[94,199,295],"architecture":[95,135],"supports":[97],"several":[98],"delay-tolerant":[99,198],"(non-real-time)":[100],"city":[102],"applications":[103],"services":[105],"(e.g.,":[106,174],"gathering":[107],"air":[108],"pollution":[109],"information),":[110],"therefore,":[112],"promising":[114],"approach":[115],"address":[117],"burdening":[119],"demand":[123],"city's":[126,171],"legacy":[127],"communication":[131],"infrastructure.":[132],"The":[133],"proposed":[134],"based":[137,275],"on":[138,169,272,276],"innovative":[140],"diverse":[141],"band-aware":[142],"Dynamic":[143],"Spectrum":[144],"Access":[145],"(d-DSA)":[146],"paradigm,":[147],"allows":[149],"certain":[151],"wireless":[152],"device":[153],"opportunistically":[155],"access":[156,205],"idle":[157],"channels":[158,207],"multiple":[160,211],"licensed/unlicensed":[161],"spectrum":[162,212,249],"bands.":[163,213],"d-DSA":[164,224,233,269],"radio":[165],"mounted":[168],"urban":[172],"vehicles":[173],"taxis)":[175],"act":[177],"mobile":[179],"routers":[180],"gather,":[182],"carry,":[183],"forward":[185],"various":[186],"types":[187],"data":[189],"traffic.":[190],"This":[191],"results":[192],"time-varying":[195],"unpredictable":[197],"(DTN)":[200],"where":[201],"each":[202],"node":[203,259,266],"can":[204],"whitespace":[206],"transmit":[209],"Given":[214],"lack":[215],"research":[217],"efficient":[219],"routing":[220,287],"schemes":[221],"DTN":[225],"networks,":[226],"distributed":[230],"lightweight":[232],"aware":[234],"Geographical":[235],"Routing":[236],"(dDSA-GR)":[237],"protocol,":[238],"utilizes":[240],"weighted":[242],"linear":[243],"metric":[244],"selecting":[246],"suitable":[248],"band,":[250],"classic":[252],"georouting":[253],"principle":[254],"choosing":[256],"hop":[258],"path":[262],"route":[263],"between":[264],"any":[265],"pair":[267],"DTNs.":[270],"Results":[271],"realistic":[273],"traces":[274],"map":[278],"Lexington,":[280],"KY,":[281],"USA,":[282],"show":[283],"our":[285],"dDSA-GR":[286],"protocol":[288],"outperforms":[289],"baseline":[290],"approaches":[291],"terms":[293],"delay,":[296],"message":[297],"delivery":[298],"ratio,":[299],"energy":[301],"efficiency,":[302],"under":[303],"all":[304],"considered":[305],"scenarios.":[306]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}