{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2970866953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2019.2937342","title":"Workload and Capacity Optimization for Cloud-Edge Computing Systems with Vertical and Horizontal Offloading","display_name":"Workload and Capacity Optimization for Cloud-Edge Computing Systems with Vertical and Horizontal Offloading","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2970866953","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2019.2937342","mag":"2970866953"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2019.2937342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2019.2937342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047046025","display_name":"Minh\u2010Tuan Thai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-7559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177733328","display_name":"Can Tho University","ror":"https://ror.org/0071qz696","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177733328"]}],"countries":["TW","VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Minh-Tuan Thai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam","EECS International Graduate Program, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5174-7559","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Can Tho University, Can Tho, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177733328"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"EECS International Graduate Program, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021844836","display_name":"Ying\u2010Dar Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-4396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ying-Dar Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5226-4396","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085347760","display_name":"Yuan\u2010Cheng Lai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3695-5784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154864474","display_name":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00q09pe49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan-Cheng Lai","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3695-5784","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154864474"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014722884","display_name":"Hsu-Tung Chien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0074-9770"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I148366613","display_name":"National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hsu-Tung Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047046025"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I148366613","https://openalex.org/I177733328"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.757,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96423888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"227","last_page":"238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.862330436706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8439897894859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.7133510708808899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6629042625427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5451734066009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5401742458343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.5157027840614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.4993252754211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.4174099564552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2775605618953705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.12045696377754211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.862330436706543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8439897894859314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.7133510708808899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6629042625427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5451734066009521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5401742458343506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.5157027840614319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.4993252754211426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.4174099564552307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2775605618953705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.12045696377754211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2019.2937342","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2019.2937342","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323443","display_name":"National Chiao Tung University","ror":"https://ror.org/00se2k293"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964166152","https://openalex.org/W2035072927","https://openalex.org/W2059416951","https://openalex.org/W2066875914","https://openalex.org/W2152530926","https://openalex.org/W2172226214","https://openalex.org/W2394115245","https://openalex.org/W2481050413","https://openalex.org/W2493746814","https://openalex.org/W2536587200","https://openalex.org/W2547727199","https://openalex.org/W2584077101","https://openalex.org/W2594560857","https://openalex.org/W2624989916","https://openalex.org/W2626764419","https://openalex.org/W2738332640","https://openalex.org/W2755775376","https://openalex.org/W2790588927","https://openalex.org/W2809870411","https://openalex.org/W2963039217","https://openalex.org/W2964081981","https://openalex.org/W3015498145","https://openalex.org/W3106445841","https://openalex.org/W4232598359","https://openalex.org/W4255228484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W17155033","https://openalex.org/W3207760230","https://openalex.org/W1485337887","https://openalex.org/W2902693277","https://openalex.org/W4378977105","https://openalex.org/W3154796165","https://openalex.org/W2894114519","https://openalex.org/W4297093186","https://openalex.org/W4282941432","https://openalex.org/W3200145713"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"collaborative":[1],"integration":[2],"between":[3,38,66],"cloud":[4,44],"and":[5,42,63,86,98],"edge":[6,40],"computing":[7,31,55,134],"is":[8,109],"proposed":[9],"to":[10,13,122,146,159],"be":[11],"able":[12],"exploit":[14],"the":[15,23,57,71,74,91,95,161],"advantages":[16],"of":[17,22,53,59,73,93,164],"both":[18,61],"technologies.":[19],"However,":[20],"most":[21],"existing":[24],"studies":[25],"have":[26],"only":[27,150],"considered":[28],"two-tier":[29],"cloud-edge":[30,54,133],"systems":[32],"which":[33,117,149],"merely":[34],"support":[35,151],"vertical":[36,62,152],"offloading":[37,65],"local":[39],"nodes":[41],"remote":[43],"servers.":[45],"This":[46],"paper":[47],"thus":[48],"proposes":[49],"a":[50,84,103,119,132,167,174,180],"generic":[51],"architecture":[52,135],"with":[56,90],"aim":[58],"providing":[60],"horizontal":[64],"service":[67,169],"nodes.":[68],"To":[69],"investigate":[70],"effectiveness":[72],"design":[75],"for":[76],"different":[77],"operational":[78],"scenarios,":[79],"we":[80,111],"formulate":[81],"it":[82],"as":[83],"workload":[85],"capacity":[87],"optimization":[88],"problem":[89,108],"objective":[92],"minimizing":[94],"system":[96,140,177],"computation":[97],"communication":[99],"costs.":[100],"Because":[101],"such":[102,131],"mixed-integer":[104],"nonlinear":[105],"programming":[106],"(MINLP)":[107],"NP-hard,":[110],"further":[112],"develop":[113],"an":[114],"approximation":[115],"algorithm":[116],"applies":[118],"branch-and-bound":[120],"method":[121],"obtain":[123],"optimal":[124],"solutions":[125],"iteratively.":[126],"Experimental":[127],"results":[128,155],"show":[129],"that":[130],"can":[136],"significantly":[137],"reduce":[138],"total":[139],"costs":[141,178],"by":[142],"about":[143,173],"34%,":[144],"compared":[145],"traditional":[147],"designs":[148],"offloading.":[153],"Our":[154],"also":[156],"indicate":[157],"that,":[158],"accommodate":[160],"same":[162],"number":[163],"input":[165],"workloads,":[166],"heterogeneous":[168],"allocation":[170],"scenario":[171],"requires":[172],"23%":[175],"higher":[176],"than":[179],"homogeneous":[181],"scenario.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
