{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2955506470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2019.2924942","title":"Using Session Modeling to Estimate HTTP-Based Video QoE Metrics From Encrypted Network Traffic","display_name":"Using Session Modeling to Estimate HTTP-Based Video QoE Metrics From Encrypted Network Traffic","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2955506470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2019.2924942","mag":"2955506470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2019.2924942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2019.2924942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063502119","display_name":"Tarun Mangla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9016-9931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarun Mangla","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9016-9931","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070242692","display_name":"Emir Halepovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3384-7134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emir Halepovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Labs Research, Bedminster, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs Research, Bedminster, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011035030","display_name":"Mostafa Ammar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2803-300X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Ammar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2803-300X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046123988","display_name":"Ellen Zegura","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4756-1759"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ellen Zegura","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8999,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91819362,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"1086","last_page":"1099"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11165","display_name":"Image and Video Quality Assessment","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9979000091552734,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8617087006568909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-experience","display_name":"Quality of experience","score":0.6897706985473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.6749687790870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/session","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","score":0.627833366394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-quality","display_name":"Video quality","score":0.5485483407974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5287976861000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5220722556114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.5174822807312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.49857449531555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.48136216402053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/content-delivery-network","display_name":"Content delivery network","score":0.426896870136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/packet-loss","display_name":"Packet loss","score":0.41830819845199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.36371156573295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multimedia","display_name":"Multimedia","score":0.3259819746017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.2632485628128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.09071487188339233}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8617087006568909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779333187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3132648","display_name":"Quality of experience","level":3,"score":0.6897706985473633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.6749687790870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779182362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17126187","display_name":"Session (web analytics)","level":2,"score":0.627833366394043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103910844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2631256","display_name":"Video quality","level":3,"score":0.5485483407974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5287976861000061},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5220722556114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.5174822807312012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.49857449531555176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.48136216402053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778898579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q72588","display_name":"Content delivery network","level":3,"score":0.426896870136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54108766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q391064","display_name":"Packet loss","level":3,"score":0.41830819845199585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36371156573295593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.3259819746017456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.2632485628128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.09071487188339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2019.2924942","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2019.2924942","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6201362568","display_name":"NeTS: Medium: Collaborative Research: Tango: Performance and Fault Management in Cellular Networks through Device-Network Cooperation","funder_award_id":"1409589","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1487266435","https://openalex.org/W1488576317","https://openalex.org/W1866884617","https://openalex.org/W1976944900","https://openalex.org/W1981170420","https://openalex.org/W1991312813","https://openalex.org/W1994770732","https://openalex.org/W2018798216","https://openalex.org/W2026549660","https://openalex.org/W2032715066","https://openalex.org/W2060423079","https://openalex.org/W2091326421","https://openalex.org/W2096118443","https://openalex.org/W2112558423","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2152569540","https://openalex.org/W2165723722","https://openalex.org/W2171884881","https://openalex.org/W2185105561","https://openalex.org/W2187970900","https://openalex.org/W2469987047","https://openalex.org/W2507174453","https://openalex.org/W2545990795","https://openalex.org/W2555248751","https://openalex.org/W2610855322","https://openalex.org/W2622055490","https://openalex.org/W2742251916","https://openalex.org/W2790600716","https://openalex.org/W2809709488","https://openalex.org/W2885862920","https://openalex.org/W2895789639","https://openalex.org/W2898499449","https://openalex.org/W2912490552","https://openalex.org/W2963233639","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4398188409","https://openalex.org/W6629009691"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2561422065","https://openalex.org/W2015867550","https://openalex.org/W3172541277","https://openalex.org/W3031398062","https://openalex.org/W2137687233","https://openalex.org/W2147372915","https://openalex.org/W2384378118","https://openalex.org/W2883239366","https://openalex.org/W3134457781","https://openalex.org/W3181449887"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"the":[1,47,64,67],"user-perceived":[2],"quality":[3],"of":[4,7,30,69,141,174,275],"experience":[5],"(QoE)":[6],"HTTP-based":[8,102],"video":[9,33,56,97,121,153,160],"has":[10,75],"become":[11,76],"critical":[12],"for":[13,100,152,177,195],"content":[14,60],"providers,":[15],"distributors,":[16],"and":[17,119,128,144,164,187,229,265],"network":[18,21,41,48,65,92,112,136],"operators.":[19],"For":[20],"operators,":[22],"monitoring":[23],"QoE":[24,70,98,122,214,243,253],"is":[25],"challenging":[26],"due":[27],"to":[28,32,44,50,94,114,179,197],"lack":[29],"access":[31],"streaming":[34,104],"applications,":[35],"user":[36],"devices,":[37],"or":[38],"servers.":[39],"Thus,":[40],"operators":[42],"need":[43],"rely":[45],"on":[46,161,240],"traffic":[49,113],"infer":[51],"key":[52,96],"metrics":[53,99,254],"that":[54,89,219,248],"influence":[55],"QoE.":[57],"Furthermore,":[58],"with":[59,190,209,225,232,255],"providers":[61],"increasingly":[62],"encrypting":[63],"traffic,":[66],"task":[68],"inference":[71],"from":[72,111,138,155],"passive":[73,91],"measurements":[74,93],"even":[77],"more":[78],"challenging.":[79],"In":[80],"this":[81],"paper,":[82],"we":[83,246],"present":[84],"a":[85,139,149],"methodology":[86,134],"called":[87],"eMIMIC":[88,107,167,208,220,249],"uses":[90,108],"estimate":[95,120,251],"encrypted":[101],"adaptive":[103],"(HAS)":[105],"sessions.":[106],"packet":[109],"headers":[110],"model":[115],"an":[116],"HAS":[117],"session":[118],"metrics,":[123],"such":[124],"as":[125],"average":[126,188,223,272],"bitrate":[127,189,224,273],"re-buffering":[129,169,230],"ratio.":[130],"We":[131,205,217],"evaluate":[132],"our":[133],"using":[135,148],"traces":[137],"variety":[140],"realistic":[142],"conditions":[143],"ground":[145,175,241],"truth":[146,176,242],"collected":[147],"lab":[150],"testbed":[151],"sessions":[154,181,199],"three":[156],"popular":[157],"services,":[158],"two":[159],"demand":[162],"(VoD)":[163],"one":[165],"Live.":[166],"estimates":[168],"ratio":[170,231],"within":[171],"1%":[172],"point":[173],"up":[178,196],"75%":[180],"in":[182,185,200,203,260,270],"VoD":[183,201],"(80%":[184],"Live)":[186],"error":[191],"under":[192],"100":[193],"Kb/s":[194],"80%":[198],"(70%":[202],"Live).":[204],"also":[206],"compare":[207],"recently":[210,276],"proposed":[211],"machine":[212],"learning-based":[213],"estimation":[215],"methodology.":[216],"show":[218,247],"can":[221,250],"predict":[222],"2.8%-3.2%":[226],"higher":[227,234],"accuracy":[228,235,259,269],"9.8%-24.8%":[233],"without":[236],"requiring":[237],"any":[238],"training":[239],"metrics.":[244],"Finally,":[245],"real-time":[252],"at":[256,266],"least":[257,267],"89.6%":[258],"identifying":[261,271],"buffer":[262],"occupancy":[263],"state":[264],"85.7%":[268],"class":[274],"downloaded":[277],"chunks.":[278]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}