{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2800298160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2018.2834315","title":"Multi-Layer Virtual Network Embedding","display_name":"Multi-Layer Virtual Network Embedding","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2800298160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2018.2834315","mag":"2800298160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2018.2834315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2018.2834315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055538536","display_name":"Shihabur Rahman Chowdhury","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6232-2027"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shihabur Rahman Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6232-2027","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074686900","display_name":"Sara Ayoubi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8160-4524"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sara Ayoubi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103440577","display_name":"Reaz Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reaz Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017149323","display_name":"Nashid Shahriar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1101-6716"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nashid Shahriar","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1101-6716","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038723583","display_name":"Raouf Boutaba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7936-6862"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raouf Boutaba","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7936-6862","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011930319","display_name":"Jeebak Mitra","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4568-2589"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jeebak Mitra","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4568-2589","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100324294","display_name":"Liu Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0792-8146"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liu Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055538536"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84802771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"1132","last_page":"1145"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-virtualization","display_name":"Network virtualization","score":0.8606516718864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7935253381729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.602931797504425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5849708318710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5321570634841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/provisioning","display_name":"Provisioning","score":0.5166512131690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.49345698952674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.47874921560287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.4175291359424591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.07986205816268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.07736650109291077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779898492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4112081","display_name":"Network virtualization","level":4,"score":0.8606516718864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7935253381729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.602931797504425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5849708318710327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5321570634841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172191483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071806","display_name":"Provisioning","level":2,"score":0.5166512131690979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.49345698952674866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.47874921560287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.4175291359424591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.07986205816268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.07736650109291077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2018.2834315","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2018.2834315","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322183","display_name":"Huawei Technologies","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322676","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":70,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W570212009","https://openalex.org/W1536780246","https://openalex.org/W1590976073","https://openalex.org/W1844285838","https://openalex.org/W1965175276","https://openalex.org/W1966600255","https://openalex.org/W1968243361","https://openalex.org/W1981651736","https://openalex.org/W1983835206","https://openalex.org/W1984232955","https://openalex.org/W2000215674","https://openalex.org/W2002227246","https://openalex.org/W2013678258","https://openalex.org/W2022265079","https://openalex.org/W2023255382","https://openalex.org/W2025349149","https://openalex.org/W2039436398","https://openalex.org/W2060898162","https://openalex.org/W2069919420","https://openalex.org/W2075809230","https://openalex.org/W2107647422","https://openalex.org/W2115966084","https://openalex.org/W2121574037","https://openalex.org/W2125150972","https://openalex.org/W2129851433","https://openalex.org/W2132238781","https://openalex.org/W2133294820","https://openalex.org/W2149342630","https://openalex.org/W2150944886","https://openalex.org/W2161965229","https://openalex.org/W2177058407","https://openalex.org/W2203142699","https://openalex.org/W2203873864","https://openalex.org/W2301740982","https://openalex.org/W2323101214","https://openalex.org/W2405316091","https://openalex.org/W2423726436","https://openalex.org/W2424981254","https://openalex.org/W2499558539","https://openalex.org/W2504195863","https://openalex.org/W2518525868","https://openalex.org/W2525648680","https://openalex.org/W2530575108","https://openalex.org/W2539235426","https://openalex.org/W2542773772","https://openalex.org/W2558904134","https://openalex.org/W2735302922","https://openalex.org/W2739210681","https://openalex.org/W2765137992","https://openalex.org/W2781821345","https://openalex.org/W2784010653","https://openalex.org/W2789386710","https://openalex.org/W2792336262","https://openalex.org/W2826807381","https://openalex.org/W3014052784","https://openalex.org/W3122267640","https://openalex.org/W3159265597","https://openalex.org/W3159998597","https://openalex.org/W3166878699","https://openalex.org/W4312512934","https://openalex.org/W6616110922","https://openalex.org/W6635527215","https://openalex.org/W6638701202","https://openalex.org/W6678075097","https://openalex.org/W6679386872","https://openalex.org/W6687471558","https://openalex.org/W6728642436","https://openalex.org/W6740659957","https://openalex.org/W6744922258","https://openalex.org/W6747553457"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2461440407","https://openalex.org/W2317094215","https://openalex.org/W2947277503","https://openalex.org/W112648010","https://openalex.org/W2038957884","https://openalex.org/W206565998","https://openalex.org/W2122873612","https://openalex.org/W2111213071","https://openalex.org/W2802062002","https://openalex.org/W1661390099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"virtualization":[1],"(NV),":[2],"considered":[3],"as":[4,41],"a":[5,148],"key":[6],"enabler":[7],"for":[8,36,57,67,85,141],"overcoming":[9],"the":[10,13,23,54,81,86,91,104,120,142,152,156,206],"ossification":[11],"of":[12,64,80,106,122,155,183,190],"Internet":[14],"allows":[15],"multiple":[16],"heterogeneous":[17],"virtual":[18,108,213],"networks":[19,66],"to":[20,52,88,113,133,150],"co-exist":[21],"over":[22],"same":[24,55],"substrate":[25],"network.":[26],"Resource":[27],"allocation":[28],"problems":[29,94],"in":[30],"NV":[31],"have":[32],"been":[33,50],"extensively":[34],"studied":[35],"single":[37],"layer":[38],"substrates":[39],"such":[40],"IP":[42,82],"or":[43],"Optical":[44],"networks.":[45,60,128],"However,":[46],"little":[47],"effort":[48],"has":[49],"put":[51],"address":[53,103,151],"problem":[56,105],"multi-layer":[58,65,107,114],"IP-over-optical":[59,127],"The":[61],"increasing":[62],"popularity":[63],"deploying":[68],"backbones":[69],"combined":[70],"with":[71],"their":[72,97],"unique":[73],"characteristics":[74],"(":[75],"e.g.,":[76],"topological":[78],"flexibility":[79],"layer)":[83],"calls":[84],"need":[87],"carefully":[89],"investigate":[90],"resource":[92],"provisioning":[93],"arising":[95],"from":[96],"virtualization.":[98],"In":[99],"this":[100,116],"paper,":[101],"we":[102],"network":[109,214],"embedding":[110],"(MULE;":[111],"similar":[112],"networks,":[115],"hybrid":[117],"species":[118,124],"brings":[119],"best":[121],"two":[123,131],"together.)":[125],"on":[126,166,203,216],"We":[129,160],"propose":[130],"solutions":[132],"MULE:":[134],"1)":[135],"an":[136],"integer":[137],"linear":[138],"program":[139],"formulation":[140],"optimal":[143,157,184],"solution":[144,158,185],"(OPT-MULE)":[145],"and":[146],"2)":[147],"heuristic":[149,169,208],"computational":[153],"complexity":[154],"(FAST-MULE).":[159],"demonstrate":[161],"through":[162],"extensive":[163],"simulations":[164],"that":[165,197],"average":[167,204],"our":[168],"performs":[170],"within":[171],"$\\boldsymbol":[175],"\\approx":[176],"1.47\\boldsymbol":[177],"\\times":[178],"$":[179],"while":[186,209],"executing":[187],"several":[188],"orders":[189],"magnitude":[191],"faster.":[192],"Simulation":[193],"results":[194],"also":[195],"show":[196],"FAST-MULE":[198],"incurs":[199],"\u224866%":[200],"less":[201],"cost":[202],"than":[205],"state-of-the-art":[207],"accepting":[210],"\u224860%":[211],"more":[212],"requests":[215],"average.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}