{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2296150051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2016.2522080","title":"Cognitive Cellular Networks: A Q-Learning Framework for Self-Organizing Networks","display_name":"Cognitive Cellular Networks: A Q-Learning Framework for Self-Organizing Networks","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2296150051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2016.2522080","mag":"2296150051"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2016.2522080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2016.2522080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023621887","display_name":"Stephen S. Mwanje","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5836-5668"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159457","display_name":"Nokia (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nh5td39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen S. Mwanje","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Management Automation Research Team, Nokia Research, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Management Automation Research Team, Nokia Research, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113632140","display_name":"Lars Christoph Schmelz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159457","display_name":"Nokia (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/05nh5td39","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Christoph Schmelz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Network Management Automation Research Team, Nokia Research, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Network Management Automation Research Team, Nokia Research, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159457"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067157934","display_name":"Andreas Mitschele\u2010Thiel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7956-5228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119449181","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau","ror":"https://ror.org/01weqhp73","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Mitschele-Thiel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated Communications Group, Techniche Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated Communications Group, Techniche Universit\u00e4t Ilmenau, Ilmenau, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119449181"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.6505,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":93,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95056433,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"85","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7990505695343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.7036451101303101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6435360908508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-organizing-network","display_name":"Self-organizing network","score":0.5839345455169678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellular-network","display_name":"Cellular network","score":0.502973735332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.44405171275138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.44392552971839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automation","display_name":"Automation","score":0.4302254319190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognition","display_name":"Cognition","score":0.42899972200393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.41555118560791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3240910470485687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2758443057537079}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7990505695343018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.7036451101303101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6435360908508301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179618828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3478119","display_name":"Self-organizing network","level":2,"score":0.5839345455169678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.502973735332489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.44405171275138855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.44392552971839905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.4302254319190979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.42899972200393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.41555118560791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3240910470485687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2758443057537079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnsm.2016.2522080","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnsm.2016.2522080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S173527311","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","issn_l":"1932-4537","issn":["1932-4537","2373-7379"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W32403112","https://openalex.org/W1541730457","https://openalex.org/W1600787307","https://openalex.org/W1861050369","https://openalex.org/W1971896466","https://openalex.org/W1997081526","https://openalex.org/W2000011732","https://openalex.org/W2006216084","https://openalex.org/W2007214293","https://openalex.org/W2009867565","https://openalex.org/W2010585744","https://openalex.org/W2016570615","https://openalex.org/W2046740087","https://openalex.org/W2049034580","https://openalex.org/W2067107138","https://openalex.org/W2087435874","https://openalex.org/W2095983739","https://openalex.org/W2100470343","https://openalex.org/W2105631768","https://openalex.org/W2109401393","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2122701159","https://openalex.org/W2127283958","https://openalex.org/W2133247729","https://openalex.org/W2134393683","https://openalex.org/W2142405857","https://openalex.org/W2154461191","https://openalex.org/W2169245805","https://openalex.org/W3011120880","https://openalex.org/W3144302210","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4250696382","https://openalex.org/W6632593403","https://openalex.org/W6635760495","https://openalex.org/W6676038341","https://openalex.org/W6678494045","https://openalex.org/W6682507097","https://openalex.org/W6775686901"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520149731","https://openalex.org/W1981519115","https://openalex.org/W3006634511","https://openalex.org/W1985631144","https://openalex.org/W2087123996","https://openalex.org/W2103264866","https://openalex.org/W2115561238","https://openalex.org/W1997503958","https://openalex.org/W2903628741","https://openalex.org/W2081459161"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Self-organizing":[0],"networks":[1,100],"(SON)":[2],"aim":[3],"at":[4],"simplifying":[5],"network":[6,11,75],"management":[7],"(NM)":[8],"and":[9,13,29,126,151],"optimizing":[10],"capital":[12],"operational":[14],"expenditure":[15],"through":[16],"automation.":[17],"Most":[18],"SON":[19,79,96],"functions":[20,125,145],"(SFs)":[21],"are":[22],"rule-based":[23],"control":[24,87,136],"structures,":[25],"which":[26,66],"evaluate":[27],"metrics":[28],"decide":[30],"actions":[31],"based":[32],"on":[33,146],"a":[34,118,133],"set":[35],"of":[36],"rules.":[37],"These":[38],"rigid":[39],"structures":[40],"are,":[41],"however,":[42],"very":[43,82],"complex":[44],"to":[45,69,94,109,132,143,164,173],"design":[46],"since":[47],"rules":[48,61],"must":[49],"be":[50],"derived":[51],"for":[52,122],"each":[53,56,74],"SF":[54,135],"in":[55,73],"possible":[57],"scenario.":[58],"In":[59,89],"practice,":[60],"only":[62],"support":[63],"generic":[64],"behavior,":[65],"cannot":[67],"respond":[68],"the":[70,107,112,123,129,160,169],"specific":[71],"scenarios":[72],"or":[76],"cell.":[77],"Moreover,":[78],"coordination":[80],"becomes":[81],"complicated":[83],"with":[84],"such":[85],"varied":[86],"structures.":[88],"this":[90,141],"paper,":[91],"we":[92],"propose":[93,117],"advance":[95],"toward":[97],"cognitive":[98],"cellular":[99],"(CCN)":[101],"by":[102],"adding":[103],"cognition":[104],"that":[105,159],"enables":[106],"SFs":[108],"independently":[110],"learn":[111],"required":[113],"optimal":[114],"configurations.":[115],"We":[116,138],"generalized":[119],"Q-learning":[120],"framework":[121,130,142],"CCN":[124],"show":[127,158],"how":[128],"fits":[131],"general":[134],"loop.":[137],"then":[139],"apply":[140],"two":[144],"mobility":[147,152],"robustness":[148],"optimization":[149],"(MRO)":[150],"load":[153,176],"balancing":[154],"(MLB).":[155],"Our":[156],"results":[157],"MRO":[161],"function":[162,171],"learns":[163,172],"optimize":[165],"handover":[166],"performance":[167],"while":[168],"MLB":[170],"distribute":[174],"instantaneous":[175],"among":[177],"cells.":[178]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
