{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7154598373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2026.3683944","title":"Privacy-Aware Blockchain Approach for Efficient and Secure E-Health Applications","display_name":"Privacy-Aware Blockchain Approach for Efficient and Secure E-Health Applications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7154598373","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2026.3683944"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2026.3683944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2026.3683944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124113090","display_name":"Hussien AbdelRaouf","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hussien AbdelRaouf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Systems Engineering, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1059-9300","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Systems Engineering, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012251476","display_name":"Mahmoud Abouyoussef","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-2538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35777872","display_name":"North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University","ror":"https://ror.org/02aze4h65","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahmoud Abouyoussef","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Systems Technology Department, North Carolina A&amp;T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0233-2538","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Systems Technology Department, North Carolina A&amp;T State University, Greensboro, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35777872"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003960026","display_name":"Mostafa Fouda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106969075","display_name":"Idaho State University","ror":"https://ror.org/0162z8b04","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106969075"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mostafa Fouda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1790-8640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Idaho State University, Pocatello, ID, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106969075"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5133790141","display_name":"Zubair Md Fadlullah","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zubair Md Fadlullah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4785-2425","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053163516","display_name":"Mohamed I. Ibrahem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-4161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25041050","display_name":"Augusta University","ror":"https://ror.org/012mef835","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed I. Ibrahem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Cyber Systems Engineering, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8000-4161","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Cyber Systems Engineering, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25041050"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070447777","display_name":"Rongxing Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-0941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongxing Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Queen&#x0027;s University, Kingston, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5720-0941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Queen&#x0027;s University, Kingston, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61595616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"8628","last_page":"8645"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.3278000056743622,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.3278000056743622,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.08609999716281891,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.03700000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.23240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.22550000250339508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39480000734329224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.36250001192092896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3312999904155731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.31439998745918274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2685999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.23240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.22550000250339508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.22419999539852142}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2026.3683944","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2026.3683944","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":74,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078590992","https://openalex.org/W2172174332","https://openalex.org/W2516809705","https://openalex.org/W2604122668","https://openalex.org/W2950635152","https://openalex.org/W2970023668","https://openalex.org/W2997871888","https://openalex.org/W3016632787","https://openalex.org/W3046014459","https://openalex.org/W3092745004","https://openalex.org/W3120846667","https://openalex.org/W3134840015","https://openalex.org/W3195070922","https://openalex.org/W4205867124","https://openalex.org/W4210801469","https://openalex.org/W4221058841","https://openalex.org/W4301265546","https://openalex.org/W4311959520","https://openalex.org/W4312425371","https://openalex.org/W4313435902","https://openalex.org/W4313591693","https://openalex.org/W4318148725","https://openalex.org/W4321483833","https://openalex.org/W4385421722","https://openalex.org/W4385485172","https://openalex.org/W4385973170","https://openalex.org/W4386825120","https://openalex.org/W4387272205","https://openalex.org/W4388937944","https://openalex.org/W4390588437","https://openalex.org/W4390752207","https://openalex.org/W4391249870","https://openalex.org/W4392251657","https://openalex.org/W4394841935","https://openalex.org/W4400526840","https://openalex.org/W4402534067","https://openalex.org/W4402993026","https://openalex.org/W4403202439","https://openalex.org/W4403826461","https://openalex.org/W4403826756","https://openalex.org/W4404797146","https://openalex.org/W4406089663","https://openalex.org/W4406159025","https://openalex.org/W4406321766","https://openalex.org/W4407802286","https://openalex.org/W4407937272","https://openalex.org/W4408146343","https://openalex.org/W4408182845","https://openalex.org/W4409267001","https://openalex.org/W4409496082","https://openalex.org/W4409796520","https://openalex.org/W4410343036","https://openalex.org/W4410368964","https://openalex.org/W4410852248","https://openalex.org/W4411171684","https://openalex.org/W4411996493","https://openalex.org/W4412567443","https://openalex.org/W4413677473","https://openalex.org/W4414138697","https://openalex.org/W4414539160","https://openalex.org/W4415130221","https://openalex.org/W4416387002","https://openalex.org/W4417216704","https://openalex.org/W7108604235","https://openalex.org/W7116084849","https://openalex.org/W7116927913","https://openalex.org/W7118190454","https://openalex.org/W7119484507","https://openalex.org/W7124439155","https://openalex.org/W7125196921","https://openalex.org/W7125945772","https://openalex.org/W7126456191","https://openalex.org/W7127160539","https://openalex.org/W7127374003"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"integration":[1],"of":[2,5,33,80],"the":[3,78,227,231],"Internet":[4],"Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"in":[8,145,223,247],"E-healthcare":[9],"has":[10],"enabled":[11],"intelligent":[12],"heart":[13,182],"attack":[14],"detection":[15],"(HAD)":[16],"leveraging":[17],"artificial":[18],"intelligence":[19],"(AI).":[20],"However,":[21],"existing":[22],"approaches":[23],"face":[24],"high":[25],"computational":[26,255],"complexity,":[27],"limited":[28],"accuracy,":[29],"and":[30,39,54,82,102,118,141,174,184,196,209,215,218,221,241,254,259],"a":[31,71,91,124,133,151,180,187,197],"lack":[32],"secure":[34,55,235],"bidirectional":[35],"communication":[36,253],"between":[37],"patients":[38,106,246],"healthcare":[40],"providers":[41],"(<inline-formula":[42],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[43,112],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[44,113],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathcal":[45,114],"{HP}$</tex-math></inline-formula>s)":[46],"while":[47,84,203,251],"preserving":[48],"patients'":[49,158],"privacy.":[50],"While":[51],"homomorphic":[52],"encryption":[53,153],"multi-party":[56],"computation":[57],"can":[58],"protect":[59,157],"privacy,":[60],"they":[61],"incur":[62],"substantial":[63],"overhead.":[64],"To":[65],"overcome":[66],"these":[67],"limitations,":[68],"we":[69,89,122,149,164],"propose":[70],"novel":[72],"lightweight":[73,125],"HAD":[74,126,191],"methodology":[75],"that":[76,137],"ensures":[77],"preservation":[79],"security":[81],"privacy":[83],"maintaining":[85],"performance":[86],"reliability.":[87],"First,":[88],"introduce":[90],"customized":[92],"consortium":[93],"blockchain":[94,229],"harnessing":[95],"group":[96],"signatures":[97],"to":[98,107,156,169,244],"ensure":[99],"patient":[100,239],"anonymity":[101],"data":[103,159],"unlinkability,":[104],"enabling":[105],"securely":[108],"communicate":[109],"with":[110,230],"<inline-formula":[111],"{HP}$</tex-math></inline-formula>s":[115],"through":[116],"unique":[117],"untraceable":[119],"identifiers.":[120],"Next,":[121],"develop":[123],"model":[127,136,161,192,236],"via":[128],"knowledge":[129],"distillation":[130],"(KD)":[131],"from":[132],"complex":[134],"high-performing":[135],"captures":[138],"spatial-temporal":[139],"patterns":[140],"emphasizes":[142],"key":[143],"features":[144,173],"health":[146,172],"data.":[147],"Then,":[148],"devised":[150],"functional":[152],"(FE)-based":[154],"cryptosystem":[155],"during":[160],"execution.":[162],"Lastly,":[163],"advance":[165],"explainable":[166],"AI":[167],"(XAI)":[168],"highlight":[170],"influential":[171],"enhance":[175],"clinical":[176,224],"trust.":[177],"Evaluated":[178],"on":[179,186],"real-world":[181],"dataset":[183],"deployed":[185],"real":[188],"testbed,":[189],"our":[190],"achieves":[193],"99.22%":[194],"accuracy":[195],"99.23%":[198],"F1-score,":[199],"outperforming":[200],"state-of-the-art":[201],"techniques":[202],"reducing":[204],"memory":[205],"footprint,":[206],"parameter":[207],"count,":[208],"inference":[210],"time":[211],"by":[212],"98.19%,":[213],"98.58%,":[214],"60.18%,":[216],"respectively,":[217],"fostering":[219],"interpretability":[220],"trust":[222],"decision-making.":[225],"Furthermore,":[226],"proposed":[228],"FE":[232],"approach":[233],"enables":[234],"execution,":[237],"protects":[238],"data,":[240],"scales":[242],"efficiently":[243],"500,000":[245],"under":[248],"2.5":[249],"minutes,":[250],"minimizing":[252],"overhead,":[256],"achieving":[257],"95.43%":[258],"89.06%":[260],"reductions,":[261],"respectively.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-04-17T00:00:00"}
