{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7139926578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2026.3676154","title":"Security and Verifiability in Federated Learning: A Zero-Knowledge Reputation-Based Blockchain Framework","display_name":"Security and Verifiability in Federated Learning: A Zero-Knowledge Reputation-Based Blockchain Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7139926578","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2026.3676154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2026.3676154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2026.3676154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107551989","display_name":"Swetha Ghanta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5912-2138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Swetha Ghanta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5912-2138","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130234187","display_name":"Ashok Kumar Pradhan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashok Kumar Pradhan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2201-9402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059539600","display_name":"Prasanthi Boyapati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1051-5695"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131147","display_name":"SRM University","ror":"https://ror.org/037skf023","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145286018","https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasanthi Boyapati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1051-5695","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130227791","display_name":"Sujit Biswas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165862685","display_name":"St George's, University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/040f08y74","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sujit Biswas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, City St. George&#x2019;s, University of London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6770-9845","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, City St. George&#x2019;s, University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165862685"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070359867","display_name":"Saraju P. Mohanty","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-6541"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","display_name":"University of North Texas","ror":"https://ror.org/00v97ad02","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saraju P Mohanty","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-6541","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107551989"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131147"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.58861593,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"8005","last_page":"8022"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.5529000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.5529000163078308,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.23440000414848328,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.10869999974966049,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5468000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security-model","display_name":"Computer security model","score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-security","display_name":"Data security","score":0.2619999945163727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6865000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5782999992370605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5468000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.37290000915527344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10511746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899388","display_name":"Data security","level":3,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527648132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189900","display_name":"Information security","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.24969999492168427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.24529999494552612}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2026.3676154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2026.3676154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openaccess.city.ac.uk:37172","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://openaccess.city.ac.uk/view/creators_id/sujit=2Ebiswas.html>","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401940","display_name":"City Research Online (City University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I180825142","host_organization_name":"City, University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180825142"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Federated":[0,34],"Learning":[1,35],"(FL)":[2],"enables":[3,120],"collaborative":[4],"training":[5,17,71],"without":[6],"centralizing":[7],"sensitive":[8],"data":[9],"but":[10],"faces":[11],"challenges,":[12,25],"including":[13],"client":[14,122],"authenticity,":[15],"verifiable":[16],"participation,":[18],"and":[19,44,60,73,130,136,204,215],"secure":[20],"aggregation.":[21],"To":[22,133],"overcome":[23],"these":[24],"we":[26,142],"propose":[27],"a":[28,139,144,182],"novel":[29],"framework,":[30,52],"Zero-Knowledge":[31],"Reputation-aware":[32],"Blockchain":[33],"(ZK-RBFL),":[36],"which":[37],"integrates":[38],"blockchain,":[39],"FL,":[40],"Homomorphic":[41],"Encryption":[42],"(HE),":[43],"zero-knowledge":[45],"proofs":[46],"(ZKP).":[47],"In":[48,198],"the":[49,54,88,113,162,173,192],"proposed":[50],"ZK-RBFL":[51,119,176,211],"initially":[53],"clients":[55,203],"undergo":[56],"lightweight":[57],"token-based":[58],"authentication":[59],"then":[61],"generate":[62],"ZKP":[63],"to":[64,92,115,126],"provide":[65],"cryptographic":[66],"evidence":[67],"of":[68,124,151,175],"honest":[69],"local":[70],"participation":[72],"reported":[74],"inference":[75],"accuracy":[76],"before":[77],"contributing":[78],"their":[79,108],"model":[80,83,96,101,164,185,190,194],"updates.":[81],"The":[82],"updates":[84,102,165],"are":[85,103,166],"encrypted":[86,100,163],"using":[87,168,181],"CKKS":[89],"HE":[90],"mechanism":[91,148],"prevent":[93],"any":[94],"potential":[95],"inversion":[97],"attacks.":[98],"These":[99],"stored":[104],"on":[105,112],"IPFS,":[106],"with":[107,201],"corresponding":[109],"CIDs":[110],"recorded":[111],"blockchain":[114,146],"ensure":[116,134],"immutability.":[117],"Further,":[118],"mutual":[121],"verification":[123],"ZKPs":[125],"reduce":[127],"server":[128],"bottlenecks":[129],"enhance":[131],"accountability.":[132],"fairness":[135],"robustness":[137],"in":[138],"distributed":[140],"environment,":[141],"introduce":[143],"democratic":[145],"consensus":[147,159],"named":[149],"Proof":[150],"Reputation-Weighted":[152],"Voting":[153],"(PoRWV)":[154],"for":[155,177,186],"block":[156],"acceptance.":[157],"Once":[158],"is":[160],"reached,":[161],"aggregated":[167],"reputation-weighted":[169],"averaging.":[170],"We":[171],"demonstrate":[172,209],"effectiveness":[174],"brain":[178],"tumor":[179],"classification":[180],"ZKP-compatible":[183],"LeNet":[184],"proof":[187],"generation.":[188],"Despite":[189],"simplicity,":[191],"global":[193],"achieves":[195],"94.22%":[196],"accuracy.":[197],"addition,":[199],"experiments":[200],"malicious":[202],"formal":[205],"Scyther":[206],"security":[207,214],"analysis":[208],"that":[210],"ensures":[212],"both":[213],"performance.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-26T08:31:28.666265","created_date":"2026-03-21T00:00:00"}
