{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125949980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2026.3657852","title":"Movable Antenna-Enabled Secure Transmission for Active RIS-Aided ISAC Systems","display_name":"Movable Antenna-Enabled Secure Transmission for Active RIS-Aided ISAC Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125949980","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2026.3657852"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2026.3657852","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2026.3657852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107616041","display_name":"Hongyi Bian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyi Bian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2730-3020","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124082294","display_name":"Feilong Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feilong Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Group Hainan Company Ltd., Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Group Hainan Company Ltd., Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081452166","display_name":"Minghao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7411-7389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minghao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7411-7389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029282182","display_name":"Lingling Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7872-7811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingling Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7872-7811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124066633","display_name":"Yu Yao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7282-491X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hao Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6757-4231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200845125","display_name":"Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02y0rxk19","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6757-4231","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200845125"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Feng Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-1965"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0073-1965","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0812259,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"6325","last_page":"6344"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.7809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.739300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-transmission","display_name":"Secure transmission","score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5026999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convex-optimization","display_name":"Convex optimization","score":0.45879998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.44020000100135803}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.7809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.739300012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.729200005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.5149000287055969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5026999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157972887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q463359","display_name":"Convex optimization","level":3,"score":0.45879998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.44020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.382099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.375900000333786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3734999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198082294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3399648","display_name":"Position (finance)","level":2,"score":0.3691999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3497999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.34929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.33009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.328000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151423352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154228","display_name":"Communications security","level":3,"score":0.31189998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.26840001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121308736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149918","display_name":"Communications satellite","level":3,"score":0.259799987077713}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2026.3657852","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2026.3657852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5468035466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5916413296","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471238","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6206133582","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62561024","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7049681200","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62561023","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8346171590","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62561021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":83,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2897986532","https://openalex.org/W3038047043","https://openalex.org/W3166879908","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3203702019","https://openalex.org/W4206671696","https://openalex.org/W4214587400","https://openalex.org/W4316022144","https://openalex.org/W4385250845","https://openalex.org/W4386523965","https://openalex.org/W4387986832","https://openalex.org/W4388666110","https://openalex.org/W4388692603","https://openalex.org/W4390660036","https://openalex.org/W4391305366","https://openalex.org/W4391365655","https://openalex.org/W4391696901","https://openalex.org/W4392152683","https://openalex.org/W4393139936","https://openalex.org/W4395097211","https://openalex.org/W4398152766","https://openalex.org/W4399039612","https://openalex.org/W4400276454","https://openalex.org/W4400645162","https://openalex.org/W4401328890","https://openalex.org/W4401357214","https://openalex.org/W4401628466","https://openalex.org/W4401717705","https://openalex.org/W4401907095","https://openalex.org/W4402673380","https://openalex.org/W4402916054","https://openalex.org/W4403123427","https://openalex.org/W4404132807","https://openalex.org/W4404307132","https://openalex.org/W4404847753","https://openalex.org/W4404955305","https://openalex.org/W4405270090","https://openalex.org/W4405599274","https://openalex.org/W4405907278","https://openalex.org/W4405908094","https://openalex.org/W4406321301","https://openalex.org/W4406610902","https://openalex.org/W4406755271","https://openalex.org/W4406949371","https://openalex.org/W4407128572","https://openalex.org/W4407213506","https://openalex.org/W4408145465","https://openalex.org/W4408325361","https://openalex.org/W4409248312","https://openalex.org/W4409325940","https://openalex.org/W4409640936","https://openalex.org/W4409641105","https://openalex.org/W4409683219","https://openalex.org/W4409882881","https://openalex.org/W4410228577","https://openalex.org/W4410536555","https://openalex.org/W4410950194","https://openalex.org/W4411232118","https://openalex.org/W4411270262","https://openalex.org/W4411471975","https://openalex.org/W4411725673","https://openalex.org/W4411867212","https://openalex.org/W4411983347","https://openalex.org/W4412164102","https://openalex.org/W4412404246","https://openalex.org/W4412536697","https://openalex.org/W4412802771","https://openalex.org/W4412836717","https://openalex.org/W4412836731","https://openalex.org/W4412939862","https://openalex.org/W4413155544","https://openalex.org/W4413156228","https://openalex.org/W4413178801","https://openalex.org/W4413318789","https://openalex.org/W4413344006","https://openalex.org/W4413472018","https://openalex.org/W4413754818","https://openalex.org/W4414155281","https://openalex.org/W4414221759","https://openalex.org/W4414266360","https://openalex.org/W4415482449","https://openalex.org/W4416366420","https://openalex.org/W4416749721"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"integrated":[1],"sensing":[2],"and":[3,86,102,117,134,190],"communication":[4,18,54],"(ISAC)":[5],"technology":[6],"empowered":[7],"by":[8,78],"movable":[9],"antennas":[10],"(MAs)":[11],"has":[12],"increased":[13],"the":[14,38,53,73,121,144,150,161,182,188,194],"possibility":[15],"of":[16,40,56,149,163],"wireless":[17],"development.":[19],"In":[20,35,65,180],"this":[21,36],"paper,":[22],"we":[23,67,125],"investigate":[24],"a":[25,110,127],"discrete":[26,41,88],"MA-enabled":[27],"active":[28],"reconfigurable":[29],"intelligent":[30],"surface":[31],"(RIS)-aided":[32],"ISAC":[33,178],"system.":[34],"system,":[37],"position":[39],"MAs":[42,164],"can":[43,165],"be":[44],"dynamically":[45],"adjusted":[46],"to":[47,108,141,171,193],"enhance":[48],"channel":[49],"conditions,":[50],"thereby":[51],"improving":[52],"security":[55],"legitimate":[57],"users":[58],"against":[59],"potential":[60],"eavesdropping":[61],"risks":[62],"from":[63],"target.":[64],"particular,":[66],"formulate":[68],"an":[69],"optimization":[70,93],"problem":[71,152],"for":[72,114],"max-min":[74],"secrecy":[75],"rate":[76],"(SR)":[77],"jointly":[79],"optimizing":[80],"beamforming":[81,115],"matrix,":[82],"phase":[83,118],"shift":[84,119],"matrix":[85,116],"MA":[87],"positions.":[89],"An":[90],"efficient":[91],"alternating":[92],"(AO)":[94],"based":[95],"on":[96],"penalty-":[97],"successive":[98],"convex":[99],"approximation":[100],"(SCA)":[101],"penalty-dual-decomposition":[103],"(PDD)":[104],"approach":[105],"is":[106],"proposed":[107,183],"obtain":[109],"high-quality":[111],"initial":[112],"solution":[113],"in":[120,176],"non-convex":[122,151],"problem.":[123],"Next,":[124],"propose":[126],"dueling":[128],"double":[129],"deep":[130,135],"Q-Network":[131],"(D3QN)-twin":[132],"delayed":[133],"deterministic":[136],"policy":[137],"gradient":[138],"(TD3)":[139],"method":[140,186,196],"cope":[142],"with":[143,153],"hybrid":[145],"action":[146],"space":[147],"issue":[148],"highly":[154],"coupled":[155],"variables.":[156],"Numerical":[157],"results":[158],"demonstrate":[159],"that":[160],"introduction":[162],"effectively":[166],"improve":[167],"SR":[168],"performance":[169],"compared":[170,192],"fixed-position":[172],"antenna":[173],"(FPA)":[174],"structure":[175],"RIS-aided":[177],"systems.":[179],"addition,":[181],"AO-based":[184],"D3QN-TD3":[185,195],"validate":[187],"suitability":[189],"superiority":[191],"without":[197],"AO":[198],"algorithm.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-01-29T00:00:00"}