{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117310211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3648844","title":"A Blockchain-Enabled Secure Authentication and Fair Trading Scheme for Shared Charging Systems","display_name":"A Blockchain-Enabled Secure Authentication and Fair Trading Scheme for Shared Charging Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117310211","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3648844"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3648844","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3648844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5093120635","display_name":"Changbing Bi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Changbing Bi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121327726","display_name":"Yue Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121306040","display_name":"Yanzhen Ren","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yanzhen Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103035717","display_name":"Youliang Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0553-4584"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I178232147","display_name":"Guizhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/02wmsc916","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youliang Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Big Data and Information Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I178232147"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079821971","display_name":"Lin Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37461747","display_name":"Wuhan University","ror":"https://ror.org/033vjfk17","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104108843","display_name":"Ke Wei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144487","display_name":"Cloud Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/04aa0zm65","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Ke","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wuhan Cloud Computing Technology Company Ltd., Wuhan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan Cloud Computing Technology Company Ltd., Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144487"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5093120635"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37461747"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76477027,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"5603","last_page":"5621"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.2515000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.2515000104904175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10768","display_name":"Electric Vehicles and Infrastructure","score":0.19120000302791595,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.09229999780654907,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-oracle","display_name":"Random oracle","score":0.6881999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5859000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mutual-authentication","display_name":"Mutual authentication","score":0.5716000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.49570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transparency","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","score":0.4571000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.4494999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-communication","display_name":"Secure communication","score":0.4077000021934509}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94284585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228184","display_name":"Random oracle","level":4,"score":0.6881999969482422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6855000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5892999768257141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5859000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781221063","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6944186","display_name":"Mutual authentication","level":3,"score":0.5716000199317932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.49570000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.49480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4918000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780233690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535347","display_name":"Transparency (behavior)","level":2,"score":0.4571000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.4494999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4147000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444868","display_name":"Secure communication","level":3,"score":0.4077000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155527597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1727777","display_name":"Signcryption","level":4,"score":0.38589999079704285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.34389999508857727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206658404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12725","display_name":"Electricity","level":2,"score":0.3431999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.3158999979496002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20136886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749647","display_name":"Interoperability","level":2,"score":0.305400013923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.2872999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.2815999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206729178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2271896","display_name":"Scheduling (production processes)","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151423352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5154228","display_name":"Communications security","level":3,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205009425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q935662","display_name":"Forward secrecy","level":4,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.259799987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99221444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1532069","display_name":"Private information retrieval","level":2,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99674996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414155","display_name":"Key exchange","level":4,"score":0.2563000023365021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.25279998779296875}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3648844","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3648844","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.5287224650382996}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":77,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1516634197","https://openalex.org/W2061173901","https://openalex.org/W2075013825","https://openalex.org/W2141420453","https://openalex.org/W2158391946","https://openalex.org/W2169194339","https://openalex.org/W2293537557","https://openalex.org/W2619573397","https://openalex.org/W2966830177","https://openalex.org/W2999924839","https://openalex.org/W3008387168","https://openalex.org/W3042527829","https://openalex.org/W3045049179","https://openalex.org/W3111167793","https://openalex.org/W3112825668","https://openalex.org/W3161784205","https://openalex.org/W3185135571","https://openalex.org/W3190929627","https://openalex.org/W3200564943","https://openalex.org/W3216594308","https://openalex.org/W4206770764","https://openalex.org/W4224988851","https://openalex.org/W4226149406","https://openalex.org/W4284703709","https://openalex.org/W4294311003","https://openalex.org/W4312936544","https://openalex.org/W4313165517","https://openalex.org/W4319878479","https://openalex.org/W4323338483","https://openalex.org/W4361801650","https://openalex.org/W4362654056","https://openalex.org/W4366112315","https://openalex.org/W4367146608","https://openalex.org/W4377971468","https://openalex.org/W4379659752","https://openalex.org/W4381302572","https://openalex.org/W4381713937","https://openalex.org/W4383216738","https://openalex.org/W4385259829","https://openalex.org/W4385309107","https://openalex.org/W4385453049","https://openalex.org/W4385988078","https://openalex.org/W4387011013","https://openalex.org/W4387913934","https://openalex.org/W4389240715","https://openalex.org/W4389538547","https://openalex.org/W4390637074","https://openalex.org/W4391350541","https://openalex.org/W4392523464","https://openalex.org/W4393211083","https://openalex.org/W4394862918","https://openalex.org/W4394897003","https://openalex.org/W4396821794","https://openalex.org/W4399331626","https://openalex.org/W4400111027","https://openalex.org/W4400950034","https://openalex.org/W4402435431","https://openalex.org/W4402775858","https://openalex.org/W4403721793","https://openalex.org/W4404101867","https://openalex.org/W4405517714","https://openalex.org/W4405838345","https://openalex.org/W4406890476","https://openalex.org/W4409014238","https://openalex.org/W4410053748","https://openalex.org/W4410536380","https://openalex.org/W4411160693","https://openalex.org/W4411336762","https://openalex.org/W4412030736","https://openalex.org/W4412939597","https://openalex.org/W4413120821","https://openalex.org/W4413465729","https://openalex.org/W4413925591","https://openalex.org/W4414955954","https://openalex.org/W4416366586","https://openalex.org/W4416961101","https://openalex.org/W7082449018"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"With":[0],"the":[1,5,10,18,69,86,156,165,225,249,252],"rapid":[2],"development":[3],"of":[4,20,89,233,251],"Electric":[6],"Vehicle":[7],"(EV)":[8],"market,":[9],"growing":[11],"demand":[12],"for":[13,127],"electricity":[14],"charging":[15,22,70,92,187,210],"has":[16],"driven":[17],"evolution":[19],"private":[21,38],"infrastructure":[23],"toward":[24],"shared":[25],"deployment.":[26],"Shared":[27],"Charging":[28,41],"Systems":[29],"(SCSs)":[30],"play":[31],"a":[32,111,132,160,177],"vital":[33],"role":[34],"in":[35,55,217,231],"integrating":[36],"both":[37,234],"and":[39,57,60,82,96,115,125,185,214,236],"public":[40],"Piles":[42],"(CPs),":[43],"thereby":[44],"improving":[45],"overall":[46],"resource":[47],"utilization.":[48],"However,":[49],"such":[50,77,101,208],"multi-party":[51],"SCSs":[52],"introduce":[53],"challenges":[54,207],"security":[56,162],"fairness.":[58],"EVs":[59],"CPs":[61,90],"exchange":[62],"parameters":[63],"via":[64],"wireless":[65],"communication":[66,121,237],"to":[67,99,170,182],"optimize":[68],"process,":[71],"which":[72],"may":[73,97],"exposes":[74],"various":[75],"threats":[76],"as":[78,102,190,192,209],"tampering,":[79],"eavesdropping,":[80],"replay,":[81],"deletion":[83],"attacks.":[84],"Meanwhile,":[85],"distributed":[87,139,218],"deployment":[88],"complicates":[91],"fee":[93,188,211],"calculation":[94,212],"management":[95],"lead":[98],"issues":[100],"malicious":[103,215],"overcharging.":[104],"To":[105],"address":[106],"these":[107],"challenges,":[108],"we":[109,130,175],"propose":[110],"blockchain-enabled":[112],"secure":[113,120],"authentication":[114,146],"fair":[116],"trading":[117,202],"scheme,":[118],"ensuring":[119],"while":[122,151],"guaranteeing":[123],"transparency":[124],"fairness":[126],"SCSs.":[128],"First,":[129],"design":[131],"pairing-free":[133],"heterogeneous":[134],"signcryption":[135],"algorithm":[136,150],"that":[137,224],"supports":[138],"key":[140],"generation.":[141],"It":[142],"realizes":[143],"efficient":[144],"mutual":[145],"based":[147],"on":[148],"this":[149],"preventing":[152],"information":[153],"leakage":[154],"during":[155],"process.":[157],"We":[158],"provide":[159],"rigorous":[161],"proof":[163],"under":[164],"Random":[166],"Oracle":[167],"Model":[168],"(ROM)":[169],"establish":[171],"its":[172],"security.":[173],"Second,":[174],"develop":[176],"blockchain-based":[178],"smart":[179,241],"contract":[180],"mechanism":[181],"enable":[183],"decentralized":[184],"transparent":[186],"calculation,":[189],"well":[191],"automated":[193],"payments.":[194],"By":[195],"eliminating":[196],"third-party":[197],"intermediaries,":[198],"our":[199,240],"solution":[200],"reduces":[201],"costs":[203],"whle":[204],"effectively":[205],"addresses":[206],"difficulties":[213],"overcharging":[216],"CP":[219],"deployments.":[220],"Experimental":[221],"results":[222],"show":[223],"proposed":[226],"scheme":[227],"outperforms":[228],"existing":[229],"approaches":[230],"terms":[232],"computational":[235],"overhead.":[238],"Additionally,":[239],"contracts":[242],"incur":[243],"extremely":[244],"low":[245],"gas":[246],"costs,":[247],"enhancing":[248],"feasibility":[250],"scheme.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-26T00:00:00"}