{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117147906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3647682","title":"LLM-Aided Prediction and RL-Based Optimization for Secure Communications in Low-Altitude Economy Networks","display_name":"LLM-Aided Prediction and RL-Based Optimization for Secure Communications in Low-Altitude Economy Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117147906","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3647682"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3647682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3647682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121220156","display_name":"Ziqiang Ye","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziqiang Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-4097-2727","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064281156","display_name":"Yulan Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5893-7985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulan Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Information Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5893-7985","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information Science and Engineering, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yue Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-8947"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2127-8947","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109933505","display_name":"Xianfu Lei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianfu Lei","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Institute of Mobile Communications, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5229-458X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Institute of Mobile Communications, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121153232","display_name":"Pingzhi Fan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4800084","display_name":"Southwest Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/00hn7w693","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pingzhi Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Institute of Mobile Communications, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-6251","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Institute of Mobile Communications, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4800084"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-0345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-0345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68259317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"5247","last_page":"5261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.955299973487854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.008299999870359898,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7328000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.6230999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5694000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5309000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.5217000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convergence","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","score":0.4936000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4075999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/baseline","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","score":0.3806000053882599}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7328000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.6230999827384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5694000124931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5309000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.5217000246047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5202999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4936000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.444599986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.41609999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4075999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12725497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810247","display_name":"Baseline (sea)","level":2,"score":0.3806000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.36579999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.358599990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776452267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1503443","display_name":"Secrecy","level":2,"score":0.35600000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41065033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2825412","display_name":"Adversary","level":2,"score":0.3467000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.3458000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3452000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.3411000072956085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3407999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.33149999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24856439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352483","display_name":"Adaptive routing","level":5,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192126672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1068715","display_name":"Telecommunications network","level":2,"score":0.30219998955726624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.2994000017642975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140547941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7797194","display_name":"Threat model","level":2,"score":0.289000004529953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.27720001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.26809999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173246807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7833062","display_name":"Trajectory optimization","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778049539","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17002908","display_name":"Bayesian optimization","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.25699999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.2563999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134579502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455619","display_name":"Frequency allocation","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3647682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3647682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1915117199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271420","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G514600894","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20273","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":90,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1488270586","https://openalex.org/W1984869422","https://openalex.org/W2009621098","https://openalex.org/W2065424480","https://openalex.org/W2078936766","https://openalex.org/W2099706679","https://openalex.org/W2119266139","https://openalex.org/W2296555347","https://openalex.org/W2541387276","https://openalex.org/W2754349741","https://openalex.org/W2765492968","https://openalex.org/W2803807991","https://openalex.org/W2806121278","https://openalex.org/W2850930826","https://openalex.org/W2890006332","https://openalex.org/W2905487115","https://openalex.org/W2905930885","https://openalex.org/W2946120941","https://openalex.org/W2955685517","https://openalex.org/W2962804513","https://openalex.org/W2963385432","https://openalex.org/W2963715425","https://openalex.org/W2964162544","https://openalex.org/W2969731533","https://openalex.org/W2979205635","https://openalex.org/W2981876784","https://openalex.org/W2983056308","https://openalex.org/W2991165022","https://openalex.org/W3002346944","https://openalex.org/W3009923424","https://openalex.org/W3056678973","https://openalex.org/W3095459720","https://openalex.org/W3109791047","https://openalex.org/W3123490382","https://openalex.org/W3125424609","https://openalex.org/W3131765381","https://openalex.org/W3157894430","https://openalex.org/W3206795908","https://openalex.org/W3217783515","https://openalex.org/W4214484978","https://openalex.org/W4226332866","https://openalex.org/W4289792518","https://openalex.org/W4295832432","https://openalex.org/W4312557000","https://openalex.org/W4312567069","https://openalex.org/W4312933868","https://openalex.org/W4313534856","https://openalex.org/W4317394413","https://openalex.org/W4317746714","https://openalex.org/W4318586126","https://openalex.org/W4382237864","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W4386693657","https://openalex.org/W4390660070","https://openalex.org/W4391020106","https://openalex.org/W4391021891","https://openalex.org/W4393145940","https://openalex.org/W4396542138","https://openalex.org/W4399665748","https://openalex.org/W4399665791","https://openalex.org/W4399850158","https://openalex.org/W4399995236","https://openalex.org/W4400071543","https://openalex.org/W4400524564","https://openalex.org/W4402473922","https://openalex.org/W4402765203","https://openalex.org/W4402809756","https://openalex.org/W4403919813","https://openalex.org/W4404101446","https://openalex.org/W4404238463","https://openalex.org/W4404411452","https://openalex.org/W4404526884","https://openalex.org/W4404562994","https://openalex.org/W4405838372","https://openalex.org/W4406266687","https://openalex.org/W4406354461","https://openalex.org/W4408017190","https://openalex.org/W4408323670","https://openalex.org/W4408325149","https://openalex.org/W4408566293","https://openalex.org/W4409234864","https://openalex.org/W4409882785","https://openalex.org/W4410358938","https://openalex.org/W4410843463","https://openalex.org/W4411687369","https://openalex.org/W4412403937","https://openalex.org/W4412623128","https://openalex.org/W4416114077","https://openalex.org/W4416750179","https://openalex.org/W7116784168"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Secure":[0],"communications":[1],"in":[2],"low-altitude":[3],"economy":[4],"networks":[5],"(LAENets)":[6],"are":[7,130,202],"critical":[8],"because":[9],"the":[10,16,22,115,124,142,244],"broadcast":[11],"nature":[12],"of":[13,25,185],"air-ground":[14],"links,":[15],"strong":[17],"line-of-sight":[18],"(LoS)":[19],"propagation,":[20],"and":[21,37,71,82,123,151,157,173,193,208,225,240,258],"high":[23],"mobility":[24],"intelligent":[26,68],"aerial":[27],"agents":[28],"(IAAs)":[29],"inherently":[30],"expose":[31],"transmissions":[32],"to":[33,55,144,166],"agile,":[34],"coordinated":[35,93,198,256],"jamming":[36,257],"eavesdropping.":[38,259],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"we":[42,95],"consider":[43],"a":[44,49,72,97,101,134,248],"dynamic":[45],"adversarial":[46,64],"scenario":[47],"where":[48,100],"legitimate":[50],"IAA":[51,143],"simultaneously":[52],"provides":[53],"service":[54],"multiple":[56],"terrestrial":[57],"receivers,":[58],"while":[59,188],"being":[60],"threatened":[61],"by":[62,133],"collaborative":[63],"entities":[65],"comprising":[66],"an":[67,181],"UAV-based":[69],"jammer":[70],"ground-level":[73],"eavesdropper.":[74],"The":[75,200],"adversaries":[76],"cooperatively":[77],"optimize":[78,146],"their":[79],"spatial":[80],"trajectories":[81],"spectrum":[83],"allocation":[84],"strategies":[85],"through":[86],"real-time":[87],"adaptive":[88],"coordination.":[89],"To":[90],"counter":[91],"such":[92],"threats,":[94],"propose":[96],"synergistic":[98],"framework":[99,179,246],"lightweight":[102],"retrieval-augmented":[103],"generation":[104],"(RAG)-enhanced":[105],"large":[106],"language":[107],"model":[108],"(LLM)":[109],"predicts,":[110],"from":[111,169],"sequential":[112],"wireless":[113],"observations,":[114],"probabilistic":[116],"jamming/eavesdropping":[117],"intent":[118],"distributions":[119],"across":[120,235],"frequency":[121],"bands":[122],"jammer's":[125],"next-step":[126],"trajectory.":[127],"These":[128],"predictions":[129],"then":[131],"exploited":[132],"soft":[135],"actor-critic":[136],"(SAC)-based":[137],"reinforcement":[138,174],"learning":[139,171,175],"agent":[140],"at":[141],"jointly":[145],"frequency-hopping":[147],"selection,":[148],"trajectory":[149],"control,":[150],"power":[152],"allocation,":[153],"thereby":[154],"enabling":[155],"anticipatory":[156],"context-aware":[158],"secure":[159],"communication.":[160],"Simulation":[161],"results":[162],"demonstrate":[163],"that,":[164],"compared":[165],"baseline":[167],"models":[168,214],"deep":[170],"(DL)":[172],"(RL)":[176],"approaches,":[177],"our":[178,209],"achieves":[180],"average":[182],"secrecy-rate":[183],"improvement":[184],"approximately":[186],"53.84%,":[187],"also":[189],"delivering":[190],"faster":[191],"convergence":[192,238],"greater":[194],"robustness":[195],"against":[196],"adaptive,":[197],"attacks.":[199],"experiments":[201],"conducted":[203],"under":[204,255],"comparable":[205],"training":[206],"budgets,":[207],"approach":[210],"outperforms":[211],"typical":[212],"DL":[213],"(e.g.,":[215,228],"convolutional":[216],"neural":[217],"network":[218],"(CNN),":[219],"long":[220],"short-term":[221],"memory":[222],"(LSTM),":[223],"Transformer)":[224],"optimization":[226,231],"baselines":[227],"proximal":[229],"policy":[230],"(PPO),":[232],"simulated":[233],"annealing)":[234],"secrecy":[236],"rate,":[237],"speed,":[239],"robustness.":[241],"This":[242],"establishes":[243],"proposed":[245],"as":[247],"practical":[249],"solution":[250],"for":[251],"securing":[252],"next-generation":[253],"LAENets":[254]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-12-24T00:00:00"}