{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416707298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3637592","title":"A Learning Automaton MAC Protocol for Directional FANETs With Throughput Enhancement and Fairness Control","display_name":"A Learning Automaton MAC Protocol for Directional FANETs With Throughput Enhancement and Fairness Control","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416707298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3637592"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3637592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3637592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026155845","display_name":"Yifei Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4412-0124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yifei Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4412-0124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shuai Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-9678"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuai Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1381-9678","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052715756","display_name":"Xuanhe Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5948-3938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuanhe Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5948-3938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015206310","display_name":"Xiaqing Miao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-6578"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaqing Miao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5503-6578","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057143279","display_name":"Benedetta Picano","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-1361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","display_name":"University of Florence","ror":"https://ror.org/04jr1s763","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benedetta Picano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Florence, Firenze, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4970-1361","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Florence, Firenze, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012672843","display_name":"Chee Yen Leow","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6418-0184"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4576418","display_name":"University of Technology Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/026w31v75","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chee Yen Leow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wireless Communication Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia","Wireless Communication Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6418-0184","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Communication Centre, School of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4576418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053119799","display_name":"Gaofeng Pan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1008-5717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaofeng Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1008-5717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026155845"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43341883,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"4472","last_page":"4489"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9545999765396118,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.00570000009611249,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.7486000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.5602999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-ad-hoc-network","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-automata","display_name":"Learning automata","score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pareto-principle","display_name":"Pareto principle","score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.35010001063346863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8615999817848206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.7486000061035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5602999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.535099983215332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.47540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.4587000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94523657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4085781","display_name":"Wireless ad hoc network","level":3,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776807809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510160","display_name":"Learning automata","level":3,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137635306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182667","display_name":"Pareto principle","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.35339999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.3416999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.3384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3264999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.32499998807907104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.3215000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.310699999332428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.3009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119701452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165881","display_name":"Control reconfiguration","level":2,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2982881601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132364","display_name":"Protocol design","level":3,"score":0.2777999937534332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527821871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228502","display_name":"Access control","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C311688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393193","display_name":"Time complexity","level":2,"score":0.272599995136261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513196756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3295108","display_name":"Media access control","level":3,"score":0.2630999982357025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112505250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q787116","display_name":"Automaton","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130120984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2835898","display_name":"Distributed algorithm","level":2,"score":0.25369998812675476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3637592","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3637592","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:flore.unifi.it:2158/1449935","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2158/1449935","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402033","display_name":"Florence Research (University of Florence)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45084792","host_organization_name":"University of Florence","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45084792"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4042692820","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2436203","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4323693889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171031","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G898851953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62571045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Flying":[0],"Ad":[1],"Hoc":[2],"Networks":[3],"(FANETs)":[4],"leveraging":[5],"millimeter-wave":[6],"(mmWave)":[7],"communications":[8],"and":[9,14,26,113,131,142,170,178,191,197,214],"directional":[10],"antennas":[11],"offer":[12],"high-capacity":[13],"low-latency":[15],"connectivity":[16],"for":[17,184],"unmanned":[18],"aerial":[19],"vehicles":[20],"(UAVs).":[21],"However,":[22],"dynamic":[23],"topologies,":[24],"deafness,":[25],"hidden":[27],"terminal":[28],"problems":[29],"make":[30],"medium":[31],"access":[32],"control":[33],"(MAC)":[34],"protocol":[35,70],"design":[36,94],"challenging.":[37],"Existing":[38],"approaches,":[39],"ranging":[40],"from":[41,50],"traditional":[42],"contention-based":[43],"schemes":[44],"to":[45,127,201],"learning-enabled":[46],"methods,":[47],"often":[48],"suffer":[49],"inefficiency,":[51],"high":[52],"overhead,":[53,180],"or":[54],"excessive":[55],"computational":[56,168],"complexity.":[57,204],"This":[58],"paper":[59],"proposes":[60],"the":[61,209,220],"Fairness-Aware":[62],"Learning":[63],"Automaton-based":[64],"Directional":[65],"MAC":[66],"(F-LA-DMAC),":[67],"a":[68,83,89,118,154],"distributed":[69],"that":[71,123,151,172],"maximizes":[72],"spatial":[73],"reuse":[74],"while":[75,160],"ensuring":[76],"equitable":[77],"channel":[78],"access.":[79],"We":[80,92,165],"first":[81],"establish":[82],"theoretical":[84],"throughput":[85,112,130],"upper":[86],"bound":[87],"using":[88],"conflict-graph":[90],"model.":[91],"then":[93],"F-LA-DMAC,":[95],"where":[96],"each":[97],"node":[98],"updates":[99],"its":[100,216],"transmit/receive":[101],"probabilities":[102],"through":[103],"local":[104],"environmental":[105],"feedback.":[106],"A":[107],"fairness":[108,114,156],"mechanism":[109],"further":[110],"balances":[111],"by":[115],"dynamically":[116],"adjusting":[117],"tunable":[119],"parameter.":[120],"Simulations":[121],"show":[122],"F-LA-DMAC":[124,152,173],"achieves":[125],"up":[126],"86%":[128],"higher":[129],"67%":[132],"lower":[133],"delay":[134],"compared":[135],"with":[136],"deep":[137],"reinforcement":[138],"learning":[139],"baselines":[140],"(DDMAC":[141],"DDDMAC)":[143],"in":[144,212,218],"dense":[145],"networks.":[146],"Pareto":[147],"frontier":[148],"analysis":[149],"reveals":[150],"sustains":[153],"Jain's":[155],"index":[157],"of":[158],"0.96\u20130.98":[159],"operating":[161],"near":[162],"peak":[163],"throughput.":[164],"also":[166],"analyze":[167],"complexity":[169],"demonstrate":[171],"incurs":[174],"only":[175],"linear":[176],"runtime":[177],"memory":[179],"making":[181],"it":[182],"suitable":[183],"embedded":[185],"UAV":[186],"platforms.":[187],"In":[188],"contrast,":[189],"DDMAC":[190],"DDDMAC":[192],"require":[193],"costly":[194],"neural":[195],"inference":[196],"specialized":[198],"hardware":[199],"due":[200],"their":[202],"polynomial":[203],"Finally,":[205],"FPGA-based":[206],"experiments":[207],"confirm":[208],"protocol's":[210],"feasibility":[211],"practice":[213],"validate":[215],"effectiveness":[217],"achieving":[219],"throughput\u2013fairness":[221],"trade-off.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-26T23:08:49.675405","created_date":"2025-11-27T00:00:00"}