{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416649890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3637030","title":"Load-Balance-Guaranteed DNN Distributed Inference Offloading in MEC Networks Interconnected by Metro Optical Networks","display_name":"Load-Balance-Guaranteed DNN Distributed Inference Offloading in MEC Networks Interconnected by Metro Optical Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416649890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3637030"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3637030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3637030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006496929","display_name":"Jingjie Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0327-9700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingjie Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0327-9700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-1229"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-1229","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034922871","display_name":"Daniel C. Kilper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3542-5335"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205274468","display_name":"Trinity College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/02tyrky19","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Kilper","raw_affiliation_strings":["CONNECT Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3542-5335","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CONNECT Centre, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205274468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111524754","display_name":"Shanguo Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanguo Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0750-2340","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36388114,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"3391","last_page":"3408"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.7666000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.7666000127792358,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12079","display_name":"IoT Networks and Protocols","score":0.03290000185370445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.029899999499320984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.8082000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.7494999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.5322999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.525600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristic","display_name":"Heuristic","score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-device","display_name":"Edge device","score":0.42239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/partition","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","score":0.41819998621940613}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.8082000017166138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7803999781608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.7494999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.5322999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.525600016117096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4997999966144562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173801870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201413","display_name":"Heuristic","level":2,"score":0.49900001287460327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4595000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138236772","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25098575","display_name":"Edge device","level":3,"score":0.42239999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4185999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42812","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1082910","display_name":"Partition (number theory)","level":2,"score":0.41819998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.41119998693466187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138959212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1806783","display_name":"Load balancing (electrical power)","level":3,"score":0.349700003862381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.3255000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3172000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.3167000114917755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.30959999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196095461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576842","display_name":"Queuing delay","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28209999203681946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203274722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001161","display_name":"Network performance","level":2,"score":0.2599000036716461}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3637030","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3637030","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4778870227","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"13/RC/2077 P2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","funder_display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4911199945","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171050","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5323382461","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62125103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6072771429","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024ZCJH02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8640660715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"202406470045","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","funder_display_name":"China Scholarship Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320847","display_name":"Science Foundation Ireland","ror":"https://ror.org/0271asj38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322725","display_name":"China Scholarship Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04atp4p48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":72,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149294210","https://openalex.org/W2164336170","https://openalex.org/W2293474342","https://openalex.org/W2563017627","https://openalex.org/W2786994646","https://openalex.org/W2896180420","https://openalex.org/W2945302238","https://openalex.org/W2952186672","https://openalex.org/W2960833983","https://openalex.org/W2969766737","https://openalex.org/W3011134162","https://openalex.org/W3037157458","https://openalex.org/W3044591330","https://openalex.org/W3047565185","https://openalex.org/W3110777925","https://openalex.org/W3136338303","https://openalex.org/W3147316842","https://openalex.org/W3186281912","https://openalex.org/W3188167723","https://openalex.org/W3200236657","https://openalex.org/W3202577926","https://openalex.org/W3207532613","https://openalex.org/W3214374352","https://openalex.org/W4205727993","https://openalex.org/W4212967998","https://openalex.org/W4284669795","https://openalex.org/W4288064567","https://openalex.org/W4290996478","https://openalex.org/W4312191382","https://openalex.org/W4312854700","https://openalex.org/W4313162985","https://openalex.org/W4315629955","https://openalex.org/W4328030459","https://openalex.org/W4361029763","https://openalex.org/W4377000482","https://openalex.org/W4383220062","https://openalex.org/W4385977126","https://openalex.org/W4386322075","https://openalex.org/W4386370792","https://openalex.org/W4386918814","https://openalex.org/W4387590048","https://openalex.org/W4388040711","https://openalex.org/W4389076731","https://openalex.org/W4389722599","https://openalex.org/W4390905002","https://openalex.org/W4391164333","https://openalex.org/W4393139888","https://openalex.org/W4398169154","https://openalex.org/W4399426039","https://openalex.org/W4400422028","https://openalex.org/W4400447774","https://openalex.org/W4401943788","https://openalex.org/W4402263159","https://openalex.org/W4402401656","https://openalex.org/W4402807987","https://openalex.org/W4403826595","https://openalex.org/W4405718260","https://openalex.org/W4409561031","https://openalex.org/W4409796267","https://openalex.org/W4410341137","https://openalex.org/W4410583443","https://openalex.org/W4410583952","https://openalex.org/W4413980103","https://openalex.org/W4414110614","https://openalex.org/W4414117804","https://openalex.org/W4414648501","https://openalex.org/W4415179116","https://openalex.org/W4415244868","https://openalex.org/W4415399228","https://openalex.org/W4415745909","https://openalex.org/W4415883150","https://openalex.org/W7080312058"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,123],"multi-access":[1],"edge":[2,33,53,95,113,197],"computing":[3,92,109,133],"(MEC)":[4],"networks":[5],"interconnected":[6],"by":[7,160],"metro":[8],"optical":[9],"networks,":[10],"distributed":[11,52,141],"inference":[12,26,69,81,100,129,142,164],"is":[13,97,177,202,206],"a":[14,138,220],"promising":[15],"technique":[16],"to":[17,51,75,107,125,146,179,185],"guarantee":[18],"user":[19],"experience":[20],"for":[21,55,115,199],"deep":[22],"neural":[23],"network":[24],"(DNN)":[25],"tasks":[27,82,130],"while":[28,224],"balancing":[29],"the":[30,59,68,91,153,163,167,186,193,212,226],"load":[31,171,227],"of":[32,63,94,170,195],"servers.":[34],"It":[35],"can":[36,218],"partition":[37],"an":[38],"entire":[39],"DNN":[40,46,80,88,116,128,140,182,200],"model":[41],"into":[42,85],"multiple":[43],"sequentially":[44],"connected":[45],"blocks":[47,117,201],"and":[48,61,150,155,166,190,192,211],"offload":[49],"them":[50],"servers":[54,96,114,198],"processing.":[56],"However,":[57],"since":[58],"number":[60],"location":[62],"partitioning":[64,149,154],"points":[65],"are":[66,83,118,158],"uncertain,":[67],"delay":[70,78,101,165],"may":[71,102],"be":[72,104],"unacceptable":[73,105],"due":[74,106],"long":[76],"transmission":[77],"if":[79,111],"divided":[84],"too":[86],"many":[87],"blocks.":[89],"Moreover,":[90],"capacity":[93],"limited.":[98],"The":[99],"also":[103,203],"inadequate":[108],"resources":[110],"target":[112,196],"heavily":[119],"loaded":[120],"or":[121],"overloaded.":[122],"order":[124],"accept":[126],"more":[127],"using":[131],"limited":[132],"resources,":[134],"this":[135],"paper":[136],"proposes":[137],"load-balance-guaranteed":[139],"offloading":[143,156],"(LBG-DDIO)":[144],"scheme":[145],"achieve":[147,219],"flexible":[148],"offloading,":[151],"where":[152],"decisions":[157],"determined":[159],"jointly":[161],"considering":[162],"imbalanced":[168],"degree":[169],"(IDL).":[172],"An":[173],"efficient":[174],"heuristic":[175],"algorithm":[176],"developed":[178],"determine":[180],"each":[181],"block":[183],"according":[184],"corresponding":[187],"finish":[188],"time":[189],"IDL,":[191],"selection":[194],"optimized.":[204],"LBG-DDIO":[205,217],"compared":[207],"with":[208],"four":[209],"benchmarks,":[210],"simulation":[213],"results":[214],"prove":[215],"that":[216],"high":[221],"acceptance":[222],"ratio":[223],"keeping":[225],"balanced.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-11-25T00:00:00"}