{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414197240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3610125","title":"SLDP-LoRA: A Privacy-Preserving Split Learning Framework With Low-Rank Adaptation","display_name":"SLDP-LoRA: A Privacy-Preserving Split Learning Framework With Low-Rank Adaptation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414197240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3610125"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3610125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3610125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068262942","display_name":"Yirui Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5425-6333"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142126","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/03jan5912","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yirui Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, and College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5425-6333","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142126","https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, and College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079784316","display_name":"Jia-Li Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-9769"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142126","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/03jan5912","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jia-Li Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, and College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8087-9769","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142126","https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, and College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049937294","display_name":"Zhou Tan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9030-6406"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142126","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/03jan5912","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhou Tan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, and College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-9030-6406","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142126","https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, and College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Qiuxiang Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210142126","display_name":"Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Network and Information Security","ror":"https://ror.org/03jan5912","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210142126"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I80947539","display_name":"Fuzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/011xvna82","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiuxiang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, and College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210142126","https://openalex.org/I80947539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fujian Province Key Laboratory of Information Security and Network Systems, and College of Computer Science and Big Data, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I80947539"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058120371","display_name":"Ximeng Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-3295"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210145005","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Vehicle NVH and Safety Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04e6h1p91","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ximeng Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing Changan Automobile Company Ltd., Chongqing, China","State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4238-3295","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing Changan Automobile Company Ltd., Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Vehicle Safety Technology, Chongqing Changan Automobile Co., Ltd., Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210145005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11418698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"2111","last_page":"2127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9750000238418579,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9189000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-token","display_name":"Security token","score":0.7281000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-privacy","display_name":"Information privacy","score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-privacy","display_name":"Differential privacy","score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise-reduction","display_name":"Noise reduction","score":0.3086000084877014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8238000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48145219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1335365","display_name":"Security token","level":2,"score":0.7281000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.47440001368522644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.45739999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123201435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q456632","display_name":"Information privacy","level":2,"score":0.44690001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23130292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5275358","display_name":"Differential privacy","level":2,"score":0.40540000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.40380001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37049999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.3208000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163294075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q581861","display_name":"Noise reduction","level":2,"score":0.3086000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.296999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.2888999879360199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.28839999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.27950000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.2784000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.2669999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.26269999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779201187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2775060","display_name":"Information leakage","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.25690001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2540000081062317}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3610125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3610125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3291271152","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1804263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4910714274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021J06013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G979158640","display_name":"\u9762\u5411\u5927\u6570\u636e\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u5bc6\u6001\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321878","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2564029303","https://openalex.org/W2566050141","https://openalex.org/W2963209930","https://openalex.org/W2963341956","https://openalex.org/W3102378604","https://openalex.org/W3102554603","https://openalex.org/W3120014112","https://openalex.org/W3125002451","https://openalex.org/W3135148659","https://openalex.org/W3153675281","https://openalex.org/W3177323791","https://openalex.org/W3193647133","https://openalex.org/W4205400596","https://openalex.org/W4281806276","https://openalex.org/W4315644021","https://openalex.org/W4362714881","https://openalex.org/W4375928586","https://openalex.org/W4381304577","https://openalex.org/W4385679821","https://openalex.org/W4386755323","https://openalex.org/W4387011206","https://openalex.org/W4387848745","https://openalex.org/W4390619548","https://openalex.org/W4399310949","https://openalex.org/W4399971973","https://openalex.org/W4400409839","https://openalex.org/W4401545746","https://openalex.org/W4401857637","https://openalex.org/W4403753254","https://openalex.org/W4405710305"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,84],"advancement":[1],"of":[2,23,116,138],"Large":[3],"Language":[4],"Models":[5],"has":[6],"revolutionized":[7],"natural":[8],"language":[9],"understanding,":[10],"offering":[11],"powerful":[12],"capabilities.":[13],"However,":[14],"deploying":[15],"LLMs":[16],"in":[17,118,124,141,158],"privacy-sensitive":[18],"environments,":[19],"such":[20],"as":[21],"Internet":[22],"Things":[24],"(IoT)":[25],"systems,":[26],"presents":[27],"substantial":[28],"challenges":[29],"to":[30,95,128],"ensuring":[31],"user":[32,63],"data":[33],"confidentiality.":[34],"This":[35],"paper":[36],"introduces":[37],"SLDP-LoRA,":[38],"a":[39,121,143,149],"novel":[40],"privacy-preserving":[41,156],"split":[42],"learning":[43],"framework":[44,85],"that":[45],"combines":[46],"R\u00e9nyi":[47],"Differential":[48],"Privacy":[49],"with":[50,112],"Low-Rank":[51],"Adaptation":[52],"for":[53,155],"efficient":[54],"and":[55,69,77,106,120,152,160],"secure":[56],"fine-tuning.":[57],"SLDP-LoRA":[58,147],"minimizes":[59],"computational":[60],"overhead":[61],"on":[62,80,103],"devices":[64],"by":[65],"performing":[66],"token":[67,96],"representation":[68],"privacy":[70,88,125],"perturbation":[71],"locally,":[72],"while":[73],"employing":[74],"LoRA-based":[75],"fine-tuning":[76],"denoising":[78],"techniques":[79],"the":[81,129,136],"server":[82],"side.":[83],"ensures":[86],"strong":[87],"protection":[89],"through":[90],"dynamic":[91],"noise":[92],"injection":[93],"tailored":[94],"representations,":[97],"maintaining":[98],"high":[99],"utility.":[100],"Experimental":[101],"results":[102],"multiple":[104],"datasets":[105],"models":[107],"demonstrate":[108],"SLDP-LoRA's":[109],"superior":[110],"performance,":[111],"an":[113],"average":[114],"improvement":[115],"25.55%":[117],"accuracy":[119],"74.9%":[122],"reduction":[123],"leakage":[126],"compared":[127],"state-of-the-art":[130],"methods.":[131],"Ablation":[132],"studies":[133],"further":[134],"validate":[135],"effectiveness":[137],"its":[139],"components":[140],"achieving":[142],"robust":[144],"utility-privacy":[145],"trade-off.":[146],"offers":[148],"scalable,":[150],"efficient,":[151],"practical":[153],"solution":[154],"applications":[157],"distributed":[159],"resource-constrained":[161],"environments.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}