{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413155587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3598578","title":"SecDV: A Lightweight Secure Deep Neural Network Inference Service With Dynamic Verification","display_name":"SecDV: A Lightweight Secure Deep Neural Network Inference Service With Dynamic Verification","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413155587","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3598578"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3598578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3598578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100659917","display_name":"Dong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3221-2671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094876","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00q919b81","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094876"]}],"countries":["CN","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, the College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, the College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089860351","display_name":"Anupam Chattopadhyay","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8818-6983"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anupam Chattopadhyay","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113260231","display_name":"Yang Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9625-5566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250653659","display_name":"Tencent (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00hhjss72","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tencent Technology Company, Ltd., Guangzhou, China","Tencent Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent Technology Company, Ltd., Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tencent Technology Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250653659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071005157","display_name":"Bowen Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2938-8506"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094876","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00q919b81","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094876"]}],"countries":["CN","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bowen Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, the College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, the College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081963477","display_name":"Qingguo L\u00fc","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3602-0946"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094876","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00q919b81","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094876"]}],"countries":["CN","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingguo L\u00fc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, the College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, the College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094876"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101845076","display_name":"Jiahui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0121-5575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiahui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079461118","display_name":"Tao Xiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9439-4623"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094876","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00q919b81","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094876"]}],"countries":["CN","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Xiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, the College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, the College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094876"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022342592","display_name":"Xiaofeng Liao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3566-8161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094876","display_name":"Ministry of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/00q919b81","country_code":"SA","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094876"]}],"countries":["CN","SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaofeng Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, the College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dependable Services Computing in Cyber Physical &amp; Society-Ministry of Education, the College of Computer, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094876"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100659917"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170","https://openalex.org/I4210094876"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9698,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95226323,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1647","last_page":"1661"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9355000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6995401382446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.5444232225418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5198898315429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.44376474618911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3587456941604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3293159008026123}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6995401382446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.5444232225418091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5198898315429688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.44376474618911743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3587456941604614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3293159008026123}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3598578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3598578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2013613544","https://openalex.org/W2102881299","https://openalex.org/W2106217851","https://openalex.org/W2233194383","https://openalex.org/W2768174108","https://openalex.org/W2768505000","https://openalex.org/W2794888826","https://openalex.org/W2801491268","https://openalex.org/W2808706611","https://openalex.org/W2907842073","https://openalex.org/W2940691483","https://openalex.org/W2955401130","https://openalex.org/W2969695741","https://openalex.org/W2984103614","https://openalex.org/W3003532255","https://openalex.org/W3033405216","https://openalex.org/W3034945632","https://openalex.org/W3035490021","https://openalex.org/W3092115729","https://openalex.org/W3106618859","https://openalex.org/W3111967092","https://openalex.org/W3127843656","https://openalex.org/W3181129449","https://openalex.org/W3210485385","https://openalex.org/W3212932635","https://openalex.org/W3213013974","https://openalex.org/W3214408283","https://openalex.org/W4200025412","https://openalex.org/W4205366980","https://openalex.org/W4205505117","https://openalex.org/W4220949165","https://openalex.org/W4285110266","https://openalex.org/W4320883188","https://openalex.org/W4323066011","https://openalex.org/W4361805434","https://openalex.org/W4380905827","https://openalex.org/W4386088160","https://openalex.org/W4388676505","https://openalex.org/W4390533396","https://openalex.org/W4390938798","https://openalex.org/W4392529229","https://openalex.org/W4400944349","https://openalex.org/W4401247215","https://openalex.org/W4402288868","https://openalex.org/W4403760224","https://openalex.org/W4406029230","https://openalex.org/W4408325987","https://openalex.org/W4408566028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W1986418932","https://openalex.org/W2357796999","https://openalex.org/W4321636575","https://openalex.org/W2111375262","https://openalex.org/W2741131631","https://openalex.org/W2045526782","https://openalex.org/W2317728013","https://openalex.org/W2156919374","https://openalex.org/W4252076617"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Existing":[0],"secure":[1],"deep":[2,40],"neural":[3,41],"network":[4,42],"inference":[5,11,43],"works":[6],"primarily":[7],"focus":[8],"on":[9,84],"improving":[10],"efficiency,":[12],"while":[13,138],"largely":[14],"overlooking":[15],"the":[16,55,85,105,165],"integrity":[17,141],"verification":[18,76,123,142,158],"of":[19,107,116,157],"model":[20,66,102,117,136],"parameters":[21,103],"and":[22,65,89,119,135,143,160],"tamper":[23,144],"detection":[24],"mechanisms":[25],"in":[26,104,155],"dynamic":[27,75,114],"scenarios.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"we":[32],"propose":[33],"SecDV:":[34],"a":[35,74,108],"lightweight":[36],"<underline":[37,46,49],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[38,47,50,79],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">sec</u>ure":[39],"service":[44],"with":[45],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">d</u>ynamic":[48],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">v</u>erification.":[51],"Specifically,":[52],"SecDV":[53,72,131,151],"leverages":[54],"CKKS":[56],"homomorphic":[57],"encryption":[58],"scheme":[59],"to":[60,164],"encrypt":[61],"both":[62,133],"input":[63],"data":[64,134],"parameters,":[67],"ensuring":[68],"their":[69],"confidentiality.":[70],"Second,":[71],"designs":[73],"tree":[77],"<inline-formula":[78],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[80],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathcal":[81],"{DVT}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[82],"based":[83],"Chameleon":[86],"hash":[87],"function":[88],"digital":[90],"signature":[91],"mechanism,":[92],"which":[93],"achieves":[94,152],"three":[95],"key":[96],"objectives:":[97],"(1)":[98],"accurately":[99],"identifying":[100],"tampered":[101],"presence":[106],"malicious":[109],"server;":[110],"(2)":[111],"supporting":[112],"legitimate":[113],"updates":[115],"parameters;":[118],"(3)":[120],"enabling":[121],"efficient":[122],"for":[124],"multiple":[125],"clients.":[126],"Security":[127],"analysis":[128],"shows":[129],"that":[130,150],"ensures":[132],"confidentiality":[137],"providing":[139],"robust":[140],"detection.":[145],"Performance":[146],"evaluation":[147],"further":[148],"demonstrates":[149],"superior":[153],"efficiency":[154],"terms":[156],"time":[159],"storage":[161],"overhead":[162],"compared":[163],"existing":[166],"works.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}