{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413212194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3597541","title":"A Two-Level Dirichlet Framework for Heterogeneous Federated Network","display_name":"A Two-Level Dirichlet Framework for Heterogeneous Federated Network","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413212194","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3597541"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3597541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3597541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029454859","display_name":"Sarhad Arisdakessian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sarhad Arisdakessian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001753157","display_name":"Osama Wehbi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2121-218X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Osama Wehbi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069036268","display_name":"Omar Abdel Wahab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3991-4673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","display_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","ror":"https://ror.org/05f8d4e86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Abdel Wahab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering and Software Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005269467","display_name":"Azzam Mourad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9434-5322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Azzam Mourad","raw_affiliation_strings":["6G Center, Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"6G Center, Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049846737","display_name":"Hadi Otrok","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9574-5384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hadi Otrok","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057916222","display_name":"Mohsen Guizani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Guizani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Machine Learning, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE","Department of ML, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Machine Learning, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ML, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5029454859"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0947,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92767277,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"1599","last_page":"1615"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11476","display_name":"Graph theory and applications","score":0.8479999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11476","display_name":"Graph theory and applications","score":0.8479999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2608","display_name":"Geometry and Topology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.8349000215530396,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.795199990272522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.62518310546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3817177712917328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.37560582160949707}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.62518310546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3817177712917328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37560582160949707}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3597541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3597541","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.polymtl.ca:67132","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401013","display_name":"PolyPublie (\u00c9cole Polytechnique de Montr\u00e9al)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45683168","host_organization_name":"Polytechnique Montr\u00e9al","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45683168"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Real-world":[0],"federated":[1,194,219],"learning":[2,203],"(FL)":[3],"deployments":[4],"commonly":[5],"confront":[6],"heterogeneous":[7],"data":[8,215],"distributions":[9,113],"across":[10,114],"geographically":[11],"dispersed":[12],"or":[13],"otherwise":[14],"diverse":[15],"client":[16],"devices,":[17],"posing":[18],"major":[19],"challenges":[20],"for":[21,46,184,192],"global":[22],"model":[23,38],"convergence":[24],"and":[25,33,51,172,197,206],"service":[26],"performance.":[27],"From":[28],"a":[29,132,160,189],"distributed":[30,186,202],"information":[31],"network":[32],"management":[34],"perspective,":[35],"effectively":[36],"orchestrating":[37],"training":[39,49,195],"under":[40,58],"these":[41],"non-IID":[42,65],"conditions":[43],"is":[44],"crucial":[45],"preserving":[47],"both":[48,169],"efficiency":[50],"system":[52],"reliability.":[53],"To":[54],"evaluate":[55],"FL":[56],"algorithms":[57,220],"realistic":[59,214],"conditions,":[60],"researchers":[61],"frequently":[62],"perform":[63],"synthetic":[64],"partitioning":[66,85,109],"of":[67,76,151],"benchmark":[68],"datasets,":[69],"with":[70],"Dirichlet-based":[71],"label":[72,88,112],"splits":[73],"being":[74],"one":[75],"the":[77,94,118,144,149,157,170,173,185],"most":[78],"common":[79],"techniques.":[80],"While":[81],"this":[82,128,177],"single-level":[83,107],"Dirichlet":[84,108,136,146,166,179],"successfully":[86],"simulates":[87],"imbalance,":[89],"it":[90],"fails":[91],"to":[92,143],"capture":[93],"rich,":[95],"subpopulation-level":[96],"heterogeneity":[97],"present":[98],"in":[99,148,159,201],"many":[100],"real-life":[101],"scenarios.":[102],"This":[103],"limitation":[104],"arises":[105],"because":[106],"only":[110],"skews":[111],"clients,":[115],"without":[116],"considering":[117],"underlying":[119],"feature-space":[120],"variations":[121],"that":[122,209],"naturally":[123],"emerge":[124],"within":[125],"subpopulations.":[126],"In":[127],"paper,":[129],"we":[130],"propose":[131],"feature-aware":[133],"two-level":[134],"hierarchical":[135,178],"distribution":[137],"approach":[138,211],"as":[139],"an":[140],"advanced":[141],"alternative":[142],"traditional":[145],"partition":[147],"realm":[150],"FL.":[152],"Our":[153],"method":[154],"first":[155],"clusters":[156],"dataset":[158],"feature-embedding":[161],"space,":[162],"then":[163],"applies":[164],"two-tiered":[165],"sampling":[167],"at":[168],"cluster":[171],"within-cluster":[174],"levels.":[175],"Ultimately,":[176],"technique":[180],"has":[181],"direct":[182],"implications":[183],"network,":[187],"offering":[188],"robust":[190],"testbed":[191],"optimizing":[193],"workflows":[196],"maintaining":[198],"system-wide":[199],"performance":[200],"applications.":[204],"Experiments":[205],"simulations":[207],"highlight":[208],"our":[210],"yields":[212],"more":[213,221],"partitions,":[216],"thereby":[217],"stress-testing":[218],"thoroughly.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}