{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412170835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3588451","title":"Network Virtualization Empowered Metaverse: A Hierarchical Matching Approach","display_name":"Network Virtualization Empowered Metaverse: A Hierarchical Matching Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412170835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3588451"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3588451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3588451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3588451","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015854563","display_name":"Latif U. Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7678-6949"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I117222138","display_name":"Abu Dhabi University","ror":"https://ror.org/01r3kjq03","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Latif U. Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Abu Dhabi University, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7678-6949","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Abu Dhabi University, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I117222138"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057916222","display_name":"Mohsen Guizani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Guizani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Machine Learning, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","Department of Machine Learning, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Machine Learning, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Machine Learning, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044230953","display_name":"Ibrar Yaqoob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-3429"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153230381","display_name":"Charles Sturt University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wfvh315","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ibrar Yaqoob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Futures Institute, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8438-3429","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence and Cyber Futures Institute, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153230381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008695053","display_name":"Ala Al\u2010Fuqaha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-1204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ala Al-Fuqaha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar","Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-1204","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Education City, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061831106","display_name":"Aiman Erbad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7565-5253"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60342839","display_name":"Qatar University","ror":"https://ror.org/00yhnba62","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aiman Erbad","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7565-5253","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60342839"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.6332,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96131254,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"5403","last_page":"5416"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8323000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.8323000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.7451000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.6848999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6520904302597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.5825309157371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5762984156608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaverse","display_name":"Metaverse","score":0.5703458189964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.25352591276168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14742842316627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.10533446073532104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6520904302597046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.5825309157371521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5762984156608582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53332860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632041","display_name":"Metaverse","level":3,"score":0.5703458189964294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25352591276168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14742842316627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.10533446073532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3588451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3588451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/24b8ba2a-7198-44e0-a656-c5b1cbde26f3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://researchoutput.csu.edu.au/en/publications/24b8ba2a-7198-44e0-a656-c5b1cbde26f3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055442","display_name":"Charles Sturt University Research Output (CRO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Khan, L U, Guizani, M, Yaqoob, I, Al-Fuqaha , A, Erbad, A & Han, Z 2026, 'Network virtualization empowered metaverse : A hierarchical matching approach', IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering, vol. 13, pp. 5403-5416. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSE.2025.3588451","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3588451","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3588451","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127468471","https://openalex.org/W2611818488","https://openalex.org/W2893651011","https://openalex.org/W2904994737","https://openalex.org/W2910597635","https://openalex.org/W2920689385","https://openalex.org/W2965824823","https://openalex.org/W2980795487","https://openalex.org/W2981214342","https://openalex.org/W3010594930","https://openalex.org/W3080082685","https://openalex.org/W3134045842","https://openalex.org/W3163366132","https://openalex.org/W3188452735","https://openalex.org/W3208948435","https://openalex.org/W4210297752","https://openalex.org/W4221160161","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4285234632","https://openalex.org/W4312511964","https://openalex.org/W4312940001","https://openalex.org/W4315605952","https://openalex.org/W4317795032","https://openalex.org/W4379382313","https://openalex.org/W4383753323","https://openalex.org/W4386736992","https://openalex.org/W4387870504","https://openalex.org/W4388948384","https://openalex.org/W4390422171","https://openalex.org/W4390738539","https://openalex.org/W4391847954","https://openalex.org/W4396505760"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2166821106","https://openalex.org/W4312864667","https://openalex.org/W2616814274","https://openalex.org/W4376853950","https://openalex.org/W4366210097","https://openalex.org/W4366734514","https://openalex.org/W4237056396"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,80],"metaverse":[1,77,110],"has":[2,36,154],"generated":[3],"significant":[4],"interest":[5],"for":[6,30,75,98],"enabling":[7],"wireless":[8,89,126],"systems":[9],"due":[10],"to":[11,39,68,123,166],"its":[12],"self-sustainability":[13],"and":[14,27,50,84,90,96,114,148,163,178,183],"proactive":[15],"analytic":[16],"capabilities.":[17],"It":[18,101],"enables":[19],"the":[20,70,86,125,140,189,192],"deployment":[21,71],"of":[22,72,88,133,191],"meta":[23,42,73,136],"spaces":[24,43,74,137],"featuring":[25],"avatars":[26],"digital":[28],"twins":[29],"various":[31,76],"real-world":[32],"applications.":[33,100],"However,":[34],"it":[35],"become":[37],"challenging":[38],"efficiently":[40],"deploy":[41],"on":[44],"edge/cloud":[45],"environments":[46],"while":[47],"managing":[48],"communication":[49,145],"computing":[51,91,129,149],"resources":[52],"effectively.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57,173],"propose":[58],"a":[59,65,155,175],"novel":[60],"network":[61,106,141],"virtualization":[62],"framework":[63,81],"within":[64],"shared":[66],"system":[67],"make":[69],"applications":[78],"cost-efficient.":[79],"abstracts,":[82],"isolates,":[83],"facilitates":[85],"sharing":[87],"resources,":[92],"thereby":[93],"enhancing":[94],"flexibility":[95],"efficiency":[97],"metaverse-driven":[99],"involves":[102],"three":[103],"key":[104],"players:":[105],"operators":[107,111],"(selling":[108],"resources),":[109],"(managing":[112],"transactions),":[113],"end-users":[115],"(purchasing":[116],"resources).":[117],"An":[118],"optimization":[119,182],"problem":[120,153,161],"is":[121,164],"formulated":[122],"optimize":[124],"resource":[127,130,146,150],"allocation,":[128,131],"association":[132],"end-devices":[134],"with":[135],"deployed":[138],"at":[139],"operators'":[142],"base":[143],"stations,":[144],"cost,":[147],"cost.":[151],"Our":[152],"mixed":[156],"integer":[157],"non-linear":[158],"programming":[159],"(MINLP)":[160],"nature":[162],"difficult":[165],"solve":[167],"using":[168],"conventional":[169],"convex":[170,181],"optimization.":[171],"Therefore,":[172],"use":[174],"decomposition":[176],"approach":[177],"then":[179],"employ":[180],"hierarchical":[184],"matching.":[185],"Numerical":[186],"results":[187],"confirm":[188],"validity":[190],"proposed":[193],"approach.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-01-15T23:16:33.117629","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}