{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411866989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3584922","title":"Terahertz Sensing, Communication, and Networking: A Survey","display_name":"Terahertz Sensing, Communication, and Networking: A Survey","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411866989","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3584922"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3584922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3584922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Haobo Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9696-2852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Haobo Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9696-2852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103271237","display_name":"X.H. Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0041-6634"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangchao Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101563432","display_name":"Xiuzhen Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-8130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiuzhen Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang University, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8655-8130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068195118","display_name":"Shibo He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1505-6766"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shibo He","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1505-6766","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074511454","display_name":"Chaojie Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2153-811X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chaojie Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2153-811X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016472874","display_name":"Yuanchao Shu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-7095"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanchao Shu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9542-7095","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726041","display_name":"Jiming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-3145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang University, P.R. China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3155-3145","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang University, P.R. China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.608,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92942364,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"501","last_page":"521"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.8930000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13052","display_name":"Molecular Communication and Nanonetworks","score":0.8930000066757202,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.8604000210762024,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10752","display_name":"Terahertz technology and applications","score":0.7885000109672546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terahertz-radiation","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","score":0.712993860244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.506199061870575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.4229139983654022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.353792667388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3241317868232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.2668852210044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.2423982322216034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1623382568359375}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107816215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647887","display_name":"Terahertz radiation","level":2,"score":0.712993860244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.506199061870575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.4229139983654022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.353792667388916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3241317868232727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.2668852210044861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2423982322216034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1623382568359375}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3584922","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3584922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1284877903","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2025C01012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G585820941","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"226-2024-00004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F8142712028","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":112,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535904940","https://openalex.org/W1895159618","https://openalex.org/W1937894019","https://openalex.org/W1997126774","https://openalex.org/W2003809548","https://openalex.org/W2038418997","https://openalex.org/W2057311441","https://openalex.org/W2057518223","https://openalex.org/W2059292641","https://openalex.org/W2071835437","https://openalex.org/W2087348897","https://openalex.org/W2097294853","https://openalex.org/W2115427750","https://openalex.org/W2116459310","https://openalex.org/W2116919541","https://openalex.org/W2125290396","https://openalex.org/W2129661212","https://openalex.org/W2133291396","https://openalex.org/W2142995096","https://openalex.org/W2143306485","https://openalex.org/W2146818950","https://openalex.org/W2165006862","https://openalex.org/W2293148207","https://openalex.org/W2318276941","https://openalex.org/W2443133074","https://openalex.org/W2482691568","https://openalex.org/W2523198793","https://openalex.org/W2528345145","https://openalex.org/W2548826512","https://openalex.org/W2569376100","https://openalex.org/W2589136167","https://openalex.org/W2592271129","https://openalex.org/W2594125313","https://openalex.org/W2761131258","https://openalex.org/W2763602135","https://openalex.org/W2775707875","https://openalex.org/W2889074111","https://openalex.org/W2897163310","https://openalex.org/W2921466771","https://openalex.org/W2922158343","https://openalex.org/W2972012289","https://openalex.org/W2972714998","https://openalex.org/W2986015231","https://openalex.org/W3003921919","https://openalex.org/W3017120282","https://openalex.org/W3034530115","https://openalex.org/W3044785381","https://openalex.org/W3044968529","https://openalex.org/W3045275502","https://openalex.org/W3047078134","https://openalex.org/W3081223143","https://openalex.org/W3086733047","https://openalex.org/W3089065083","https://openalex.org/W3098628931","https://openalex.org/W3110146063","https://openalex.org/W3118614108","https://openalex.org/W3127947892","https://openalex.org/W3132538708","https://openalex.org/W3154707999","https://openalex.org/W3155535021","https://openalex.org/W3164740016","https://openalex.org/W3193583454","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3209997279","https://openalex.org/W3210963617","https://openalex.org/W3211151200","https://openalex.org/W3212186380","https://openalex.org/W3212365425","https://openalex.org/W3214101066","https://openalex.org/W4226019069","https://openalex.org/W4226303164","https://openalex.org/W4281652271","https://openalex.org/W4285195589","https://openalex.org/W4293704566","https://openalex.org/W4297100161","https://openalex.org/W4306178500","https://openalex.org/W4309805845","https://openalex.org/W4310665584","https://openalex.org/W4312647956","https://openalex.org/W4312911292","https://openalex.org/W4313594958","https://openalex.org/W4322704146","https://openalex.org/W4322707202","https://openalex.org/W4323338478","https://openalex.org/W4380926844","https://openalex.org/W4385248623","https://openalex.org/W4385287226","https://openalex.org/W4386090504","https://openalex.org/W4387212434","https://openalex.org/W4387415300","https://openalex.org/W4388040168","https://openalex.org/W4390576688","https://openalex.org/W4390659130","https://openalex.org/W4391216579","https://openalex.org/W4391934430","https://openalex.org/W4394586155","https://openalex.org/W4394628886","https://openalex.org/W4394628898","https://openalex.org/W4395668439","https://openalex.org/W4397026605","https://openalex.org/W4399121557","https://openalex.org/W4402039943","https://openalex.org/W4402300619","https://openalex.org/W4402350205","https://openalex.org/W4402557432","https://openalex.org/W4402629966","https://openalex.org/W4402981685","https://openalex.org/W4403183359","https://openalex.org/W4403210225","https://openalex.org/W4404035361","https://openalex.org/W4408147513","https://openalex.org/W4412352700"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2033952283","https://openalex.org/W2762687161","https://openalex.org/W2353254830","https://openalex.org/W2890072373","https://openalex.org/W2351210568","https://openalex.org/W2028421553","https://openalex.org/W4229079866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Terahertz":[0],"has":[1],"emerged":[2],"as":[3],"a":[4,35,67],"pivotal":[5],"technology":[6],"that":[7],"will":[8],"enable":[9],"next-generation":[10],"wireless":[11],"systems":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,26,33,38],"its":[15,60],"unique":[16],"properties.":[17],"Over":[18],"the":[19,40,55,80,91],"past":[20],"few":[21],"years,":[22],"numerous":[23],"studies":[24],"related":[25],"terahertz":[27,58,97],"have":[28],"been":[29],"conducted,":[30],"prompting":[31],"us":[32],"undertake":[34],"comprehensive":[36,68],"survey":[37],"summarize":[39],"sensing,":[41,73],"communication,":[42,74],"and":[43,59,75,85,93],"networking":[44,76],"technologies":[45],"based":[46],"on":[47],"terahertz.":[48],"In":[49],"this":[50],"survey,":[51],"we":[52,65,89],"first":[53],"introduce":[54],"characteristics":[56],"of":[57,70,96],"associated":[61],"hardware":[62],"devices.":[63],"Subsequently,":[64],"provide":[66],"review":[69],"existing":[71],"terahertz-based":[72],"technologies.":[77],"We":[78],"analyze":[79],"key":[81],"techniques,":[82],"system":[83],"design,":[84],"application":[86],"scenarios.":[87],"Finally,":[88],"discuss":[90],"challenges":[92],"future":[94],"directions":[95],"technology.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}