{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410886854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3574634","title":"TokenNet: A Novel Tokenized Resource Marketplace for 6G Network Slicing","display_name":"TokenNet: A Novel Tokenized Resource Marketplace for 6G Network Slicing","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410886854","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3574634"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3574634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3574634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3574634","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046237861","display_name":"Nisita Weerasinghe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6500-3147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Nisita Weerasinghe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042235008","display_name":"Pawani Porambage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6365-9804"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87653560","display_name":"VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland","ror":"https://ror.org/04b181w54","country_code":"FI","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210089493","https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pawani Porambage","raw_affiliation_strings":["VTT Technical Research Centre, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"VTT Technical Research Centre, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87653560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011861898","display_name":"An Braeken","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9965-915X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"An Braeken","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of engineering, technology (INDI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of engineering, technology (INDI), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068169019","display_name":"Madhusanka Liyanage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4786-030X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madhusanka Liyanage","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University College Dublin (UCD), Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059694865","display_name":"Mika Ylianttila","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8079-5514"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mika Ylianttila","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Communications, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046237861"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4888,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83353484,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"17"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9225999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9097999930381775,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slicing","display_name":"Slicing","score":0.7386482357978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5423626899719238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.46852701902389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3752039968967438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.335263729095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.13445958495140076}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488148","display_name":"Slicing","level":2,"score":0.7386482357978821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5423626899719238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.46852701902389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3752039968967438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.335263729095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.13445958495140076}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3574634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3574634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:266424","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/TNSE.2025.3574634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3574634","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3574634","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2019876427","https://openalex.org/W2794761176","https://openalex.org/W2897214019","https://openalex.org/W2929975740","https://openalex.org/W3008668103","https://openalex.org/W3044124191","https://openalex.org/W3047195005","https://openalex.org/W3112494406","https://openalex.org/W3120178139","https://openalex.org/W3135829427","https://openalex.org/W3136671030","https://openalex.org/W3199829609","https://openalex.org/W4211072486","https://openalex.org/W4254569799","https://openalex.org/W4285819283","https://openalex.org/W4312769816","https://openalex.org/W4312956181","https://openalex.org/W4313193122","https://openalex.org/W4313839304","https://openalex.org/W4320031131","https://openalex.org/W4320031242","https://openalex.org/W4328027041","https://openalex.org/W4385486485","https://openalex.org/W4385562457","https://openalex.org/W4389077479","https://openalex.org/W4389543454","https://openalex.org/W4390968485","https://openalex.org/W4392904985","https://openalex.org/W4393058513","https://openalex.org/W4394897041"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2393746923","https://openalex.org/W2972496411","https://openalex.org/W4239223006","https://openalex.org/W3033662781","https://openalex.org/W2137530048","https://openalex.org/W2360869927","https://openalex.org/W2050876785"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"transition":[1],"from":[2],"fifth-generation":[3],"(5":[4],"G)":[5,9],"to":[6,106],"sixth-generation":[7],"(6":[8],"networks":[10],"is":[11],"driving":[12],"significant":[13],"advancements":[14,31],"in":[15,69,119],"network":[16,63,73,103,138],"slicing,":[17],"fueled":[18],"by":[19],"the":[20,33,39,57,70],"growing":[21],"demand":[22],"for":[23,41,136],"next-generation":[24],"applications":[25],"and":[26,48,83,91,99,124],"services.":[27],"However,":[28],"managing":[29],"these":[30],"within":[32],"constraints":[34],"of":[35,72],"finite":[36],"resources":[37,64,104],"creates":[38],"opportunity":[40],"open":[42],"resource":[43,79,86],"marketplaces,":[44],"which":[45],"introduces":[46],"technical":[47],"business":[49],"challenges.":[50],"To":[51],"address":[52],"these,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"TokenNet,":[56],"first":[58],"blockchain-based":[59],"architecture":[60],"that":[61],"represents":[62],"as":[65,132],"non-fungible":[66],"tokens":[67],"(NFTs)":[68],"context":[71],"slicing.":[74],"TokenNet":[75,131],"facilitates":[76],"secure,":[77],"decentralized":[78],"trading,":[80],"ownership":[81],"traceability,":[82],"management,":[84],"optimizing":[85],"allocation":[87],"through":[88],"auctioning,":[89],"brokering,":[90],"trust":[92],"mechanisms.":[93],"It":[94],"offers":[95],"more":[96],"granular,":[97],"flexible,":[98],"trustworthy":[100],"control":[101],"over":[102],"compared":[105],"existing":[107],"state-of-the-art":[108],"systems.":[109],"Our":[110],"prototype":[111],"implementation":[112],"demonstrates":[113],"its":[114],"effectiveness,":[115],"outperforming":[116],"baseline":[117],"models":[118],"cost":[120],"efficiency,":[121],"reducing":[122],"delays,":[123],"improving":[125],"minting":[126],"performance.":[127],"These":[128],"advantages":[129],"position":[130],"a":[133],"promising":[134],"solution":[135],"future":[137],"management.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}