{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410492045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3570354","title":"Contrastive Learning for Multi-Layer Network Community Detection via Learnable Network Augmentation","display_name":"Contrastive Learning for Multi-Layer Network Community Detection via Learnable Network Augmentation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410492045","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3570354"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3570354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3570354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101108892","display_name":"Min Teng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0749-2834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067487593","display_name":"Ze Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ze Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6497-6962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079270412","display_name":"Jiajin Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7495-3440"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37796252","display_name":"Beijing University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037b1pp87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiajin Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7495-3440","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37796252"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086236078","display_name":"Chao Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-2285"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5865-2285","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100680344","display_name":"Xianghua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-3882"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianghua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0253-3882","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Artificial Intelligence, Optics and Electronics (iOPEN), Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091446815","display_name":"Vladimir I. Nekorkin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0173-587X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1313323035","display_name":"Russian Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05qrfxd25","country_code":"RU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210161229","display_name":"Institute of Applied Physics","ror":"https://ror.org/05nnv1197","country_code":"RU","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210096333","https://openalex.org/I4210161229"]}],"countries":["RU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vladimir Nekorkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny, Russia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0173-587X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"A.V. Gaponov-Grekhov Institute of Applied Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Nizhny, Russia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1313323035","https://openalex.org/I4210161229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422377","display_name":"Zhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-2852"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, Shaanxi, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8182-2852","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi&#x0027;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":38.8851,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99747677,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"5","first_page":"4227","last_page":"4238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13731","display_name":"Advanced Computing and Algorithms","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3322","display_name":"Urban Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12676","display_name":"Machine Learning and ELM","score":0.9358999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9253000020980835,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6577256917953491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.549342930316925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4751206040382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-layer","display_name":"Network layer","score":0.413796603679657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.411365807056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4100925922393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.09906768798828125}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6577256917953491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.549342930316925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4751206040382385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117468950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208074","display_name":"Network layer","level":3,"score":0.413796603679657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.411365807056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4100925922393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.09906768798828125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3570354","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3570354","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.4399999976158142}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1327447031","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23-42-00038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324099","funder_display_name":"Russian Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G192882225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22B2036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2703680814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261136549","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3007078423","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471403","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5195067714","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"G2024WD0151","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8161903434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U22A2098","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G922937089","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D5000240309","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324099","display_name":"Russian Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/03y2gwe85"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2028365946","https://openalex.org/W2042847482","https://openalex.org/W2080161383","https://openalex.org/W2106309139","https://openalex.org/W2123583562","https://openalex.org/W2136676173","https://openalex.org/W2153959628","https://openalex.org/W2567284892","https://openalex.org/W2730820089","https://openalex.org/W2767346227","https://openalex.org/W2794970386","https://openalex.org/W2802815569","https://openalex.org/W2907512112","https://openalex.org/W2921065608","https://openalex.org/W2961453427","https://openalex.org/W2963013895","https://openalex.org/W2964211259","https://openalex.org/W2997932753","https://openalex.org/W3035725276","https://openalex.org/W3161111985","https://openalex.org/W3196387625","https://openalex.org/W3204453541","https://openalex.org/W4224918490","https://openalex.org/W4226190109","https://openalex.org/W4285183784","https://openalex.org/W4285296644","https://openalex.org/W4306145987","https://openalex.org/W4313291359","https://openalex.org/W4362671197","https://openalex.org/W4365459358","https://openalex.org/W4379012358","https://openalex.org/W4387046310","https://openalex.org/W4392523433","https://openalex.org/W4398172487","https://openalex.org/W4404439287","https://openalex.org/W4411948859","https://openalex.org/W6600367688","https://openalex.org/W6729448088","https://openalex.org/W6790850890","https://openalex.org/W6791375057","https://openalex.org/W6796597629"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W3082895349","https://openalex.org/W4213079790","https://openalex.org/W2248239756","https://openalex.org/W3086377361"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Community":[0],"detection":[1],"in":[2,34,64,116,202,214],"multi-layer":[3,92,129,159],"networks":[4,35,204],"is":[5,170],"crucial":[6],"for":[7,91,158],"revealing":[8],"the":[9,30,48,56,65,97,107,112,122,128,140,147,154,164,174,180,191,198],"functions":[10],"of":[11,61,99,127,182,200],"entities":[12],"and":[13,41,50,58,102,124,142,149,152,160,208],"understanding":[14],"their":[15],"connections":[16],"across":[17],"dimensions.":[18],"However,":[19],"existing":[20],"semi-supervised":[21],"methods":[22,43],"often":[23],"rely":[24],"on":[25,111,190],"manual":[26],"labels,":[27],"leading":[28],"to":[29,46,131,172],"significant":[31],"computational":[32],"overhead":[33],"with":[36,205],"complex":[37,209],"structures.":[38],"Moreover,":[39,163],"unsupervised":[40],"self-supervised":[42,76],"usually":[44],"struggle":[45],"integrate":[47],"intra-layer":[49,123],"inter-layer":[51,125],"features,":[52,144,151],"as":[53,55],"well":[54],"local":[57,148],"global":[59,150],"features":[60,114,126],"networks,":[62],"resulting":[63],"limited":[66],"accuracy.":[67],"To":[68],"address":[69],"these":[70],"challenges,":[71],"this":[72],"paper":[73],"proposes":[74],"a":[75,133],"<underline":[77,80,83,86],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[78,81,84,87],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">N</u>etwork":[79],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">A</u>ugmentation":[82],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">C</u>ontrastive":[85],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">C</u>onstraint":[88],"(NACC)":[89],"method":[90],"network":[93,100,130],"community":[94,108],"detection.":[95],"Leveraging":[96],"ideas":[98],"augmentation":[101],"contrastive":[103,165],"learning,":[104],"NACC":[105,119,201],"detects":[106],"structure":[109],"based":[110,189],"rich":[113],"contained":[115],"datasets.":[117],"Specifically,":[118],"first":[120],"integrates":[121],"generate":[132],"learnable":[134],"feature-augmented":[135],"network.":[136],"Then,":[137],"it":[138],"encodes":[139],"node":[141,156,176,193],"topology":[143],"capturing":[145],"both":[146],"generating":[153],"low-dimensional":[155],"representations":[157],"augmented":[161],"networks.":[162],"learning":[166],"among":[167],"different":[168],"layers":[169,207],"proposed":[171],"train":[173],"above":[175],"representations,":[177],"further":[178],"enhancing":[179],"fusion":[181],"features.":[183],"Finally,":[184],"consense":[185],"communities":[186],"are":[187],"detected":[188],"trained":[192],"representation.":[194],"Extensive":[195],"experiments":[196],"demonstrate":[197],"performance":[199],"handling":[203],"numerous":[206],"structures,":[210],"showcasing":[211],"its":[212],"reliability":[213],"real-world":[215],"applications.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
