{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408941300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3555979","title":"EMT: Extended Merkle Tree Structure for Inserted Data Redaction in Permissioned Blockchain","display_name":"EMT: Extended Merkle Tree Structure for Inserted Data Redaction in Permissioned Blockchain","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408941300","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3555979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3555979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3555979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101785514","display_name":"Zihan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2961-4615"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zihan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2961-4615","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017914641","display_name":"Liangmin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-5979"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangmin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0048-5979","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100419442","display_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4079-1743"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoyu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102012630","display_name":"Xia Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3677-6823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20942203","display_name":"Hainan University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q648j11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xia Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Hainan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3677-6823","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Security, Hainan University, Hainan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20942203"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4357,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97385629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"3025","last_page":"3038"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9939000010490417,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.9882000088691711,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9764999747276306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.8951057195663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merkle-tree","display_name":"Merkle tree","score":0.6030514240264893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5999587774276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redaction","display_name":"Redaction","score":0.5314575433731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tree","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","score":0.44940751791000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3449110984802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3073689937591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22196060419082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.18750694394111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1784447431564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.0939653217792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.07402178645133972}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.8951057195663452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205383636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14746","display_name":"Merkle tree","level":4,"score":0.6030514240264893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5999587774276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776795254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q561071","display_name":"Redaction","level":2,"score":0.5314575433731079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.44940751791000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3449110984802246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3073689937591553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22196060419082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.18750694394111633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1784447431564331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0939653217792511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.07402178645133972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7608002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477202","display_name":"Cryptographic hash function","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3555979","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3555979","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1325466753","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62372105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W851575271","https://openalex.org/W1599846125","https://openalex.org/W1646354800","https://openalex.org/W2724185994","https://openalex.org/W2790401422","https://openalex.org/W2803736556","https://openalex.org/W2887243807","https://openalex.org/W2910702660","https://openalex.org/W2948007978","https://openalex.org/W2968937869","https://openalex.org/W2969400704","https://openalex.org/W3132282908","https://openalex.org/W3156685989","https://openalex.org/W3208374658","https://openalex.org/W3216623197","https://openalex.org/W4214913937","https://openalex.org/W4286372554","https://openalex.org/W4300127641","https://openalex.org/W4311165445","https://openalex.org/W4312913148","https://openalex.org/W4320713321","https://openalex.org/W4323022436","https://openalex.org/W4360993055","https://openalex.org/W4366818834","https://openalex.org/W4381785634","https://openalex.org/W4387046412","https://openalex.org/W4387544253","https://openalex.org/W4387805962","https://openalex.org/W4388407457","https://openalex.org/W4389331827","https://openalex.org/W4390577902","https://openalex.org/W4391305786","https://openalex.org/W4392406080","https://openalex.org/W4395093916","https://openalex.org/W4396855683","https://openalex.org/W4399376323","https://openalex.org/W4400226683","https://openalex.org/W4400878373","https://openalex.org/W4401211789","https://openalex.org/W4401238977","https://openalex.org/W4403679865","https://openalex.org/W4404093743"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Inserted":[0],"data":[1,31,101,111,120,142,180],"redaction":[2,26,54,102,148,159],"is":[3,173],"an":[4,93,129],"important":[5],"and":[6,32,133,157],"hot":[7],"security":[8,153],"topic":[9],"for":[10,99],"permissioned":[11,104,190],"blockchain.":[12,105],"However,":[13],"existing":[14],"redactable":[15],"schemes":[16,27],"have":[17],"two":[18],"problems:":[19],"(i)":[20],"<italic":[21,48],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[22,49],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Uncaptured":[23],"Change:</i>":[24],"Transaction-level":[25],"modify":[28],"both":[29],"user-inserted":[30,113],"system-generated":[33,44,109],"transaction":[34,110],"data,":[35,58,82,114],"making":[36],"it":[37,83],"difficult":[38],"to":[39,138,188],"capture":[40],"the":[41,53,59,77,80,108,118,140,151,177],"changes":[42],"in":[43,68,103,161],"transactions":[45],"data;":[46],"(ii)":[47],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Unexpected":[50],"Spread:</i>":[51],"When":[52],"process":[55,61],"deletes":[56],"harmful":[57,72,81,178],"consensus":[60],"may":[62],"take":[63],"a":[64,135],"long":[65],"time,":[66],"resulting":[67],"unexpected":[69],"spread":[70],"of":[71,75,79,155,175],"data.":[73],"Instead":[74],"eliminating":[76],"influence":[78],"promotes":[84],"its":[85],"spread.":[86],"To":[87],"tackle":[88],"these":[89],"problems,":[90],"we":[91,127],"propose":[92],"Extended":[94],"Merkle":[95],"Tree":[96],"(EMT)":[97],"structure":[98],"inserted":[100,119,141,179],"EMT":[106],"separates":[107],"from":[112],"ensuring":[115],"that":[116,146,168],"only":[117],"can":[121],"be":[122],"modified":[123],"during":[124],"redaction.":[125,143],"Furthermore,":[126],"design":[128],"EMT-based":[130,170],"blockchain":[131,156,171],"ledger":[132],"develop":[134],"smart":[136],"contract":[137],"implement":[139],"We":[144],"prove":[145],"our":[147,169],"scheme":[149,172],"preserves":[150],"core":[152],"features":[154],"implements":[158],"operations":[160],"Hyperledger":[162],"Fabric.":[163],"The":[164],"experimental":[165],"results":[166],"show":[167],"capable":[174],"redacting":[176],"while":[181],"incurring":[182],"less":[183],"than":[184],"5%":[185],"overhead":[186],"compared":[187],"current":[189],"blockchains.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
