{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407373664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3538779","title":"Two-Timescale Hierarchical Contract for Joint Computation Offloading and Energy Management in Edge Computing System","display_name":"Two-Timescale Hierarchical Contract for Joint Computation Offloading and Energy Management in Edge Computing System","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407373664","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3538779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3538779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3538779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103152402","display_name":"Min Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8849-5823"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Min Yan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science (National Pilot Software Engineering School), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8849-5823","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (National Pilot Software Engineering School), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-1614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science (National Pilot Software Engineering School), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-1614","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (National Pilot Software Engineering School), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052560055","display_name":"Lianming Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9142-8863"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lianming Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9142-8863","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064610177","display_name":"Luyang Hou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6958-7389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luyang Hou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science (National Pilot Software Engineering School), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6958-7389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science (National Pilot Software Engineering School), Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063667378","display_name":"Zhu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I44461941","display_name":"University of Houston","ror":"https://ror.org/048sx0r50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6606-5822","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I44461941"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7615,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83936397,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"3","first_page":"1745","last_page":"1760"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9793999791145325,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9692999720573425,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9239000082015991,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6456227898597717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.6116470694541931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5411339402198792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5082558989524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.49429988861083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.47709307074546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.40407565236091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16064205765724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.1468459963798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13671571016311646}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6456227898597717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.6116470694541931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5411339402198792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5082558989524841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.49429988861083984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.47709307074546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.40407565236091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16064205765724182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.1468459963798523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13671571016311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3538779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3538779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8399999737739563,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1519471721","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2066201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3191116936","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171054","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3259518437","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U2066201and","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8778779482","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"24820232023YQTD01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006166592","https://openalex.org/W2057516887","https://openalex.org/W2073726009","https://openalex.org/W2120885393","https://openalex.org/W2141461755","https://openalex.org/W2568772110","https://openalex.org/W2588613254","https://openalex.org/W2741172216","https://openalex.org/W2765932345","https://openalex.org/W2767359317","https://openalex.org/W2775998236","https://openalex.org/W2808449107","https://openalex.org/W2810002837","https://openalex.org/W2889679424","https://openalex.org/W2908532574","https://openalex.org/W2913196913","https://openalex.org/W2946660862","https://openalex.org/W2963644017","https://openalex.org/W2971947705","https://openalex.org/W2973229164","https://openalex.org/W2999862096","https://openalex.org/W3014620413","https://openalex.org/W3033813775","https://openalex.org/W3037243147","https://openalex.org/W3085906129","https://openalex.org/W3086709169","https://openalex.org/W3112877893","https://openalex.org/W3130992186","https://openalex.org/W3140273839","https://openalex.org/W3166603348","https://openalex.org/W3168768468","https://openalex.org/W3195481593","https://openalex.org/W3205430638","https://openalex.org/W3213649788","https://openalex.org/W4211166364","https://openalex.org/W4282946060","https://openalex.org/W4301852635","https://openalex.org/W4315630247","https://openalex.org/W4366378109","https://openalex.org/W4381198725","https://openalex.org/W4384162021","https://openalex.org/W4386736648","https://openalex.org/W4388213750","https://openalex.org/W4389636023"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3108946947","https://openalex.org/W2337102067","https://openalex.org/W4302338237","https://openalex.org/W2894114519","https://openalex.org/W4324372666","https://openalex.org/W4225706866","https://openalex.org/W4297093186","https://openalex.org/W2914646191","https://openalex.org/W4282941432","https://openalex.org/W3023564924"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"mitigate":[1],"the":[2,56,68,76,87,118,123,138,143,154,177],"rising":[3],"energy":[4,18,48,98,124,139],"costs":[5],"in":[6,50],"edge":[7,9],"computing,":[8],"servers":[10],"(ESs)":[11],"can":[12],"receive":[13],"revenues":[14],"from":[15],"reducing":[16],"their":[17],"usage":[19],"by":[20,34,128,142],"contracting":[21,83],"with":[22],"virtual":[23,134],"power":[24],"plant":[25],"(VPP).":[26],"ESs":[27,114],"also":[28],"respond":[29],"to":[30,66,116,136,152,175,192],"user":[31],"equipment":[32],"(UE)":[33],"providing":[35],"computation":[36,45,107],"offloading":[37,46],"services.":[38],"However,":[39],"such":[40],"two-layer":[41,77],"coordinated":[42,78],"trading":[43,79],"of":[44],"and":[47,60,104,148],"management":[49],"a":[51,81,96,101,110,132],"VPP-ES-UE":[52],"architecture":[53],"should":[54],"address":[55],"information":[57,88],"asymmetry":[58,89],"issue":[59],"uncertain":[61],"task":[62,120],"arrivals,":[63],"posing":[64],"challenges":[65],"maximizing":[67],"stakeholders'":[69],"utility.":[70],"In":[71],"this":[72],"paper,":[73],"we":[74],"formulate":[75],"as":[80],"hierarchical":[82,169],"problem,":[84],"which":[85],"addresses":[86],"using":[90],"two":[91],"contract":[92,99,108,170],"models.":[93],"We":[94,130],"design":[95],"VPP-ES":[97],"on":[100,109],"large":[102],"timescale":[103],"an":[105,158],"ES-UE":[106],"small":[111],"timescale,":[112],"where":[113],"need":[115],"coordinate":[117],"future":[119,164],"arrivals":[121],"under":[122],"reduction":[125,140],"target":[126],"assigned":[127],"VPP.":[129],"construct":[131],"two-timescale":[133,168],"queue":[135,145],"achieve":[137],"goal":[141],"long-term":[144],"stability":[146],"constraint":[147],"employ":[149],"Lyapunov":[150],"optimization":[151,160,171],"transform":[153],"original":[155],"problem":[156,161],"into":[157],"online":[159,167],"without":[162],"requiring":[163],"information.":[165],"An":[166],"algorithm":[172],"is":[173],"proposed":[174],"solve":[176],"transformed":[178],"problem.":[179],"The":[180],"simulation":[181],"results":[182],"demonstrate":[183],"that":[184],"our":[185],"method":[186],"achieves":[187],"higher":[188],"social":[189],"welfare":[190],"compared":[191],"other":[193],"benchmarks.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}