{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406457717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3528982","title":"Weighted Average Consensus Algorithms in Distributed and Federated Learning","display_name":"Weighted Average Consensus Algorithms in Distributed and Federated Learning","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406457717","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3528982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3528982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3528982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1311934","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027992641","display_name":"Bernardo Camajori Tedeschini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2953-0481"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bernardo Camajori Tedeschini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007923049","display_name":"Stefano Savazzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9865-6512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144062","display_name":"Consorzio Roma Ricerche","ror":"https://ror.org/03jvpn714","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144062"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Savazzi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144062","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002552632","display_name":"Monica Nicoli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7104-7015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Monica Nicoli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027992641"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.0589,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98375577,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"2","first_page":"1369","last_page":"1382"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11612","display_name":"Stochastic Gradient Optimization Techniques","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12879","display_name":"Distributed Sensor Networks and Detection Algorithms","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6304038763046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consensus-algorithm","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","score":0.5451140403747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.468049019575119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-learning","display_name":"Distributed learning","score":0.4303201138973236}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6304038763046265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983222225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2994424","display_name":"Consensus algorithm","level":2,"score":0.5451140403747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.468049019575119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779582901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21013010","display_name":"Distributed learning","level":2,"score":0.4303201138973236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2025.3528982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2025.3528982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1311934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1311934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1311934","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1311934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":93,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2107152312","https://openalex.org/W2116612304","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2160643434","https://openalex.org/W2530417694","https://openalex.org/W2554477858","https://openalex.org/W2798720628","https://openalex.org/W2807006176","https://openalex.org/W2883059862","https://openalex.org/W2902114605","https://openalex.org/W2907379776","https://openalex.org/W2914703523","https://openalex.org/W2920095265","https://openalex.org/W2949003697","https://openalex.org/W2962788286","https://openalex.org/W2963318081","https://openalex.org/W2963992805","https://openalex.org/W2974175488","https://openalex.org/W2975156709","https://openalex.org/W2976335444","https://openalex.org/W2980910578","https://openalex.org/W2981138228","https://openalex.org/W2991236681","https://openalex.org/W2995022099","https://openalex.org/W2996845627","https://openalex.org/W2998045710","https://openalex.org/W2999074226","https://openalex.org/W3006919779","https://openalex.org/W3015928419","https://openalex.org/W3043758338","https://openalex.org/W3045747588","https://openalex.org/W3089658763","https://openalex.org/W3105122387","https://openalex.org/W3106356772","https://openalex.org/W3113075536","https://openalex.org/W3118608800","https://openalex.org/W3119593986","https://openalex.org/W3127190257","https://openalex.org/W3128382687","https://openalex.org/W3129329365","https://openalex.org/W3136022984","https://openalex.org/W3156310591","https://openalex.org/W3157232501","https://openalex.org/W3163105316","https://openalex.org/W3170790803","https://openalex.org/W3199451663","https://openalex.org/W3203672277","https://openalex.org/W3204183032","https://openalex.org/W3204833512","https://openalex.org/W3207233526","https://openalex.org/W3207527102","https://openalex.org/W4206726406","https://openalex.org/W4210331355","https://openalex.org/W4212897672","https://openalex.org/W4214493665","https://openalex.org/W4221143748","https://openalex.org/W4224939185","https://openalex.org/W4225845194","https://openalex.org/W4226128266","https://openalex.org/W4246591873","https://openalex.org/W4281263728","https://openalex.org/W4285121881","https://openalex.org/W4285242894","https://openalex.org/W4288685354","https://openalex.org/W4290993984","https://openalex.org/W4297791730","https://openalex.org/W4297911812","https://openalex.org/W4312660260","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W4319302934","https://openalex.org/W4319663761","https://openalex.org/W4320005499","https://openalex.org/W4323022339","https://openalex.org/W4323065158","https://openalex.org/W4368232264","https://openalex.org/W4401110137","https://openalex.org/W4401692712","https://openalex.org/W4401806720","https://openalex.org/W4401871021","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6640396632","https://openalex.org/W6728757088","https://openalex.org/W6752029299","https://openalex.org/W6756680320","https://openalex.org/W6757118068","https://openalex.org/W6759238902","https://openalex.org/W6768570320","https://openalex.org/W6769871928","https://openalex.org/W6776730200","https://openalex.org/W6780224944","https://openalex.org/W6787972765","https://openalex.org/W6795843344","https://openalex.org/W6840230802"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W3176618911","https://openalex.org/W4389230912"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,90,150],"exponential":[1],"growth":[2],"of":[3,6,96,111,145,166,183],"the":[4,40,112,143,146,164,173],"Internet":[5],"Things":[7],"(IoT)":[8],"has":[9,136],"created":[10],"an":[11,109],"essential":[12],"demand":[13],"for":[14,127],"Distributed":[15,131],"Machine":[16],"Learning":[17,24],"(DML)":[18],"systems.":[19],"In":[20,105],"this":[21],"context,":[22],"Federated":[23,114],"(FL)":[25],"allows":[26],"IoT":[27,157],"devices":[28],"to":[29,53,63,86,101,181,189],"collaboratively":[30],"train":[31],"models":[32],"while":[33],"maintaining":[34],"data":[35,55,194],"ownership":[36],"and":[37,51,66,119,129,185,192],"privacy.":[38],"Despite":[39],"evident":[41],"advantages,":[42],"FL":[43,68,98,179],"faces":[44],"practical":[45],"challenges":[46],"such":[47],"as":[48],"client":[49,168],"selection":[50],"adaptation":[52],"heterogeneous":[54,167],"distributions.":[56],"Recently,":[57],"consensus-driven":[58],"algorithms":[59,99,175],"have":[60],"been":[61],"proposed":[62,174],"enable":[64],"efficient":[65],"scalable":[67],"without":[69],"a":[70,93,137,155],"central":[71],"coordinating":[72],"entity.":[73],"Weighted":[74],"Average":[75],"Consensus":[76],"(WAC)":[77],"tools,":[78],"primarily":[79],"used":[80],"in":[81,154,163],"distributed":[82],"signal":[83],"processing,":[84],"fail":[85],"address":[87],"FL-specific":[88],"challenges.":[89],"paper":[91],"proposes":[92],"new":[94],"family":[95],"server-less":[97],"optimized":[100],"exploit":[102],"WAC":[103,123],"techniques.":[104],"particular,":[106],"we":[107],"propose":[108],"evolution":[110],"centralized":[113],"Adaptive":[115],"Weighting":[116],"(FedAdp)":[117],"method":[118],"present":[120],"three":[121],"distinct":[122],"schemes":[124],"specifically":[125],"designed":[126],"non-Independent":[128],"Identical":[130],"(IID)":[132],"data.":[133],"Each":[134],"scheme":[135],"unique":[138],"aggregation":[139],"part":[140],"that":[141,172],"optimizes":[142],"weights":[144],"clients'":[147],"local":[148],"models.":[149],"performances":[151],"are":[152,187],"evaluated":[153],"real-world":[156],"system,":[158],"analyzing":[159],"their":[160],"convergence":[161],"properties":[162],"context":[165],"populations.":[169],"Results":[170],"show":[171],"outperform":[176],"vanilla":[177],"consensus":[178],"up":[180],"56%":[182],"accuracy":[184],"they":[186],"resilient":[188],"both":[190],"label":[191],"sample":[193],"skewness.":[195]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
