{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399881470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2024.3417371","title":"M$^{2}$STL: Multi-Range Multi-Level Spatial-Temporal Learning Model for Network Traffic Prediction","display_name":"M$^{2}$STL: Multi-Range Multi-Level Spatial-Temporal Learning Model for Network Traffic Prediction","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-06-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399881470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2024.3417371"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2024.3417371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2024.3417371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020201803","display_name":"Ruotian Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-0995"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruotian Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Electronics Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6964-0995","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Electronics Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102093481","display_name":"Jigang Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-881X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jigang Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Engineering, Hunan University of Science, Technology, Xiangtan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7363-881X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Engineering, Hunan University of Science, Technology, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102286760","display_name":"Chen Xiaodi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5752-6781"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodi Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Grid Yichang Electric Power Supply Company, Yichang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5752-6781","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Grid Yichang Electric Power Supply Company, Yichang, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062119492","display_name":"Kun Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-2723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Electronics Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2163-2723","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Electronics Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078519973","display_name":"Wei Liang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-1363"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei liang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Engineering, Hunan University of Science, Technology, Xiangtan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5074-1363","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Engineering, Hunan University of Science, Technology, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103216531","display_name":"Naixue Xiong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-4635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121296143","display_name":"Hunan University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02m9vrb24","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naixue Xiong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Engineering, Hunan University of Science, Technology, Xiangtan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0394-4635","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Engineering, Hunan University of Science, Technology, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121296143"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101594820","display_name":"Dafang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0765-6857"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dafang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Electronics Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Electronics Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030689390","display_name":"Gaogang Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4964-1135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108629","display_name":"Computer Network Information Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01s0wyf50","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gaogang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4964-1135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210108629"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078793726","display_name":"Kenli Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-7716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenli Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science, Electronics Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2635-7716","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science, Electronics Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8893,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6894474,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"4315","last_page":"4329"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11344","display_name":"Traffic Prediction and Management Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2215","display_name":"Building and Construction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11106","display_name":"Data Management and Algorithms","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11980","display_name":"Human Mobility and Location-Based Analysis","score":0.9905999898910522,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6887340545654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.6064433455467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3921768069267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34845608472824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3354390859603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11010676622390747}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6887340545654297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.6064433455467224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3921768069267273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34845608472824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3354390859603882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11010676622390747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2024.3417371","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2024.3417371","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1713809400","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62025201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3182627053","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JJ3014","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3838833162","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JJ5165","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6028967678","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62321166652","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G926062688","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CX20230437","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326217","funder_display_name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326217","display_name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1982978808","https://openalex.org/W1991001067","https://openalex.org/W2004353783","https://openalex.org/W2008483594","https://openalex.org/W2038622450","https://openalex.org/W2054141820","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2107699930","https://openalex.org/W2125908564","https://openalex.org/W2145039203","https://openalex.org/W2163565319","https://openalex.org/W2165991108","https://openalex.org/W2166277028","https://openalex.org/W2356357602","https://openalex.org/W2366933034","https://openalex.org/W2592939477","https://openalex.org/W2756203131","https://openalex.org/W2776622059","https://openalex.org/W2809287713","https://openalex.org/W2891553865","https://openalex.org/W2904449562","https://openalex.org/W2904813135","https://openalex.org/W2947812485","https://openalex.org/W2949732208","https://openalex.org/W2962850830","https://openalex.org/W2965341826","https://openalex.org/W2969632483","https://openalex.org/W2979750740","https://openalex.org/W3005623292","https://openalex.org/W3010852232","https://openalex.org/W3040172617","https://openalex.org/W3047551250","https://openalex.org/W3080253043","https://openalex.org/W3080911033","https://openalex.org/W3087852527","https://openalex.org/W3099004229","https://openalex.org/W3101220048","https://openalex.org/W3103720336","https://openalex.org/W3135728061","https://openalex.org/W3154890711","https://openalex.org/W3165322078","https://openalex.org/W3176075655","https://openalex.org/W3197775018","https://openalex.org/W3198373439","https://openalex.org/W4200087236","https://openalex.org/W4206338773","https://openalex.org/W4210693780","https://openalex.org/W4213130097","https://openalex.org/W4283207591","https://openalex.org/W4382240004","https://openalex.org/W4382322394","https://openalex.org/W4385567790","https://openalex.org/W4387682184","https://openalex.org/W4387846311","https://openalex.org/W4388097370","https://openalex.org/W6696085341","https://openalex.org/W6731370813","https://openalex.org/W6746015598","https://openalex.org/W6755863455","https://openalex.org/W6810726396","https://openalex.org/W6850768825"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Network":[0],"traffic":[1,21,35,44,190],"prediction":[2,22,45,208,226],"is":[3,116,141,165,216,228],"crucial":[4],"for":[5],"network":[6,13,20,34,43,65,189],"management,":[7],"resource":[8],"allocation,":[9],"congestion":[10],"control,":[11],"and":[12,89,193],"anomaly":[14],"detection.":[15],"However,":[16],"existing":[17],"studies":[18],"on":[19,113,138,186,230],"often":[23],"fail":[24],"to":[25,55,78,102,118,143,167,177],"fully":[26],"utilize":[27],"the":[28,57,99,123,152,174,178,202,220,225,231],"complex":[29,58],"spatial-temporal":[30,59,85,105],"dependencies":[31],"present":[32],"in":[33,62,122],"data.":[36],"This":[37],"paper":[38],"introduces":[39],"a":[40,63,127,157,161],"deep":[41],"learning-based":[42],"model,":[46],"named":[47],"Multi-range":[48],"Multi-level":[49],"Spatial-Temporal":[50,72],"Learning":[51,163],"(M$^{2}$STL),":[52],"specifically":[53],"designed":[54,77],"learn":[56,79,119,168],"characteristics":[60],"inherent":[61],"dynamic":[64],"environment.":[66],"Within":[67],"M$^{2}$STL,":[68],"we":[69,93],"devised":[70],"three":[71,81,95],"Aggregation":[73],"(STA)":[74],"modules,":[75],"each":[76],"from":[80,173],"different":[82,207],"ranges":[83],"of":[84,130,150],"features:":[86,106],"recent,":[87],"daily,":[88],"weekly.":[90],"In":[91],"particular,":[92],"propose":[94],"primary":[96],"techniques":[97],"within":[98],"STA":[100],"modules":[101],"extract":[103,145],"these":[104],"1)":[107],"A":[108,133],"Dilated":[109],"Conv":[110],"Net":[111,155,164],"based":[112,137],"1D-dilated":[114],"convolutions":[115],"proposed":[117,142,166],"long":[120],"correlations":[121],"temporal":[124],"dimension":[125],"with":[126,156],"small":[128],"number":[129],"parameters.":[131],"2)":[132],"Mix-hop":[134,153],"GCN":[135,154],"Net,":[136],"graph":[139],"convolutions,":[140],"effectively":[144],"spatial":[146],"features.":[147],"3)":[148],"Instead":[149],"providing":[151],"pre-fixed":[158],"adjacency":[159,170],"matrix,":[160],"Graph":[162],"multiple":[169],"matrices,":[171],"progressing":[172],"shallower":[175],"level":[176],"deeper":[179],"level.":[180],"Extensive":[181],"experiments":[182],"have":[183],"been":[184],"conducted":[185],"two":[187],"real-world":[188],"datasets,":[191],"Abilene":[192],"G\u00c9ANT.":[194],"The":[195,210],"results":[196],"demonstrate":[197],"that":[198],"our":[199],"method":[200],"outperforms":[201],"other":[203],"seven":[204],"baselines":[205],"across":[206],"intervals.":[209],"Normalized":[211],"Mean":[212],"Absolute":[213],"Error":[214],"(NMAE)":[215],"28.4%":[217],"lower":[218],"than":[219],"best":[221],"baseline":[222],"algorithm":[223],"when":[224],"interval":[227],"36":[229],"G\u00c9ANT":[232],"dataset.":[233]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}