{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4399168507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2024.3396136","title":"RIS-Aided Secure A2G Communications With Coordinated Multi-UAVs: A Hybrid DRL Approach","display_name":"RIS-Aided Secure A2G Communications With Coordinated Multi-UAVs: A Hybrid DRL Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4399168507","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2024.3396136"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2024.3396136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2024.3396136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100614105","display_name":"Liang Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-5691-9314"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Liang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018065603","display_name":"Jie Jia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7296-5061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Jia","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100676357","display_name":"Jian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9665-1438"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106697669","display_name":"Shuhui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-5658-2193"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuhui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100516725","display_name":"Yi Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5621-0633"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100326915","display_name":"Xingwei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2856-4716"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingwei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Engineering Research Center of Security Technology of Complex Network System, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100614105"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":31.3083,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99612085,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"5","first_page":"4536","last_page":"4550"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9807999730110168,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6495664715766907}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6495664715766907}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2024.3396136","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2024.3396136","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5299999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1546544782","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2416006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2551476765","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2727838432","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2324004-12","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3011511340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2416001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3317797563","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61972079","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4468860275","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"20230026050001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","funder_display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7888387042","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62132004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7958406237","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62172084","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8051258697","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2216009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8460351197","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2416007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322857","display_name":"Aeronautical Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/02wq41p38"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W151604921","https://openalex.org/W2015078646","https://openalex.org/W2019486357","https://openalex.org/W2042599231","https://openalex.org/W2060416030","https://openalex.org/W2079587612","https://openalex.org/W2155174176","https://openalex.org/W2268751503","https://openalex.org/W2799783748","https://openalex.org/W2901790394","https://openalex.org/W2963531496","https://openalex.org/W2963640672","https://openalex.org/W2963993392","https://openalex.org/W2994008524","https://openalex.org/W3001977108","https://openalex.org/W3003169134","https://openalex.org/W3004787089","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3042420563","https://openalex.org/W3104968730","https://openalex.org/W3106530718","https://openalex.org/W3109039904","https://openalex.org/W3115103619","https://openalex.org/W3157217691","https://openalex.org/W3161565715","https://openalex.org/W3168517868","https://openalex.org/W3169143203","https://openalex.org/W3197523458","https://openalex.org/W4205091231","https://openalex.org/W4205311327","https://openalex.org/W4205752839","https://openalex.org/W4206917335","https://openalex.org/W4213023043","https://openalex.org/W4285228977","https://openalex.org/W4289656497","https://openalex.org/W4309299196","https://openalex.org/W4315473069","https://openalex.org/W4377971400","https://openalex.org/W4390422211","https://openalex.org/W6790997415","https://openalex.org/W6795826604","https://openalex.org/W6840380725"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W4395014643"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicles":[2],"(UAVs)":[3],"have":[4],"been":[5],"envisioned":[6],"as":[7],"essential":[8],"technology":[9],"to":[10,43,52,63,165],"enhance":[11],"the":[12,19,39,45,66,96,99,110,115,145,167,175,180,185,194],"service":[13],"quality":[14],"of":[15,47,70,81,124,196],"wireless":[16],"systems,":[17],"whereas":[18],"security":[20,46],"issue":[21],"is":[22,36,41,106],"unavoidable.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"paper,":[26],"a":[27,86,157],"reconfigurable":[28],"intelligent":[29],"surfaces":[30],"(RIS)-aided":[31],"air-to-ground":[32],"secure":[33,67],"communication":[34],"paradigm":[35],"conceived,":[37],"where":[38],"RIS":[40,71],"used":[42],"boost":[44],"confidential":[48],"signals":[49],"from":[50],"UAVs":[51],"ground":[53],"users.":[54],"However,":[55],"robust":[56,87],"trajectory":[57],"and":[58,101,114,152,199],"beamforming":[59],"designs":[60],"are":[61],"required":[62],"fully":[64],"reap":[65],"enhancement":[68],"capabilities":[69],"for":[72,93],"UAV":[73,198],"links":[74],"under":[75],"imperfect":[76],"channel":[77],"state":[78],"information":[79],"(CSI)":[80],"eavesdroppers.":[82],"Therefore,":[83],"we":[84,126,155],"formulate":[85],"minimum":[88],"multicast":[89],"rate":[90,191],"maximization":[91],"problem":[92,105],"jointly":[94],"optimizing":[95],"UAVs'":[97,168],"trajectories,":[98],"active":[100],"passive":[102],"beamforming.":[103],"The":[104],"also":[107],"constrained":[108],"by":[109,149],"maximum":[111],"flight":[112],"duration":[113],"secrecy":[116],"outage":[117],"probability":[118],"(SOP).":[119],"After":[120],"an":[121,128],"approximate":[122],"transformation":[123],"SOP,":[125],"provide":[127],"online":[129],"decision-making":[130],"framework":[131],"that":[132],"combines":[133],"multi-agent":[134],"reinforcement":[135],"learning":[136,147],"(MARL)":[137],"methods":[138],"with":[139],"conventional":[140],"optimization":[141],"algorithms.":[142],"To":[143],"overcome":[144],"insufficient":[146],"caused":[148],"random":[150],"rewards":[151],"uncertain":[153],"environments,":[154],"propose":[156],"novel":[158],"regularized":[159],"softmax":[160],"risk-sensitive":[161],"QMIX":[162],"(RES-RMIX)":[163],"algorithm":[164,178],"guide":[166],"flight.":[169],"Simulation":[170],"results":[171],"demonstrate":[172],"that:":[173],"1)":[174],"proposed":[176],"RES-RMIX":[177],"outperforms":[179],"state-of-the-art":[181],"MARL":[182],"algorithms;":[183],"2)":[184],"RIS-aided":[186],"multi-UAVs":[187],"system":[188],"attains":[189],"significant":[190],"gain":[192],"over":[193],"cases":[195],"single":[197],"no":[200],"RIS.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
