{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380607213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2023.3285070","title":"A Novel Homomorphic Encryption and Consortium Blockchain-Based Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Industrial Internet of Medical Things","display_name":"A Novel Homomorphic Encryption and Consortium Blockchain-Based Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Industrial Internet of Medical Things","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380607213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2023.3285070"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2023.3285070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2023.3285070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068692752","display_name":"Aitizaz Ali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4853-5093"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aitizaz Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IT, UNITAR International University, Kelana Jaya, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IT, UNITAR International University, Kelana Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040375469","display_name":"Muhammad Fermi Pasha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9848-8950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11662577","display_name":"Monash University Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00yncr324","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11662577"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Fermi Pasha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of IT, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of IT, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11662577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083611404","display_name":"Antonio Guerrieri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1469-9484"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Guerrieri","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICAR-CNR - Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking - National Research Council of Italy, Rende, CS, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-CNR - Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking - National Research Council of Italy, Rende, CS, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011937230","display_name":"Antonella Guzzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3159-0536"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonella Guzzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer, Modeling, Electronic, and System Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer, Modeling, Electronic, and System Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006966486","display_name":"Xiaobing Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5165-5080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I78978612","display_name":"Yangzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/03tqb8s11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaobing Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I78978612"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058821473","display_name":"Aamir Saeed","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-5186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90610274","display_name":"University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar","ror":"https://ror.org/00p034093","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Saeed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, UET, Peshawar, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, UET, Peshawar, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90610274"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062211930","display_name":"Amir Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-082X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I251738","display_name":"Edinburgh Napier University","ror":"https://ror.org/03zjvnn91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, Scotland, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I251738"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023424929","display_name":"Giancarlo Fortino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4039-891X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3005160176","display_name":"Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking","ror":"https://ror.org/04r5fge26","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155236","display_name":"National Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/04zaypm56","country_code":"IT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giancarlo Fortino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Computer, Modeling, Electronic, and System Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy","ICAR-CNR - Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking - National Research Council of Italy, Rende, CS, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Computer, Modeling, Electronic, and System Engineering, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICAR-CNR - Institute for High Performance Computing and Networking - National Research Council of Italy, Rende, CS, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3005160176","https://openalex.org/I4210155236"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068692752"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":23.5562,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99534493,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"5","first_page":"2402","last_page":"2418"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9800000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.972100019454956,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7694546580314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6754077672958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.6563404202461243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.6001107692718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.5111876130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.507857620716095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5025811195373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32006311416625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09213373064994812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7694546580314636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6754077672958374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.6563404202461243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.6001107692718506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.5111876130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.507857620716095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5025811195373535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32006311416625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09213373064994812}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2023.3285070","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2023.3285070","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:it.cnr:prodotti:486100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cnr.it/prodotto/i/486100","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407055101","display_name":"CNR ExploRA","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"info:cnr-pdr/source/autori:Ali, Aitizaz and Pasha, Muhammad Fermi and Guerrieri, Antonio and Guzzo, Antonella and Sun, Xiaobing and Saeed, Aamir and Hussain, Amir and Fortino, Giancarlo/titolo:A Novel Homomorphic Encryption and Consortium Blockchain-based Hybrid Deep Learning Model for Industrial Internet of Medical Things/doi:10.1109%2FTNSE.2023.3285070/rivista:IEEE transactions on network science and engineering (Online)/anno:2023/pagina_da:/pagina_a:/intervallo_pagine:/volume:","raw_type":"Articolo in rivista"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.4000000059604645,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1504366969","display_name":"Natural Language Generation for Low-resource Domains","funder_award_id":"EP/T024917/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2193117753","display_name":"COG-MHEAR: Towards cognitively-inspired 5G-IoT enabled, multi-modal Hearing Aids","funder_award_id":"EP/T021063/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2447866707","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T021063/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4097937278","display_name":"Towards visually-driven speech enhancement for cognitively-inspired multi-modal hearing-aid devices (AV-COGHEAR)","funder_award_id":"EP/M026981/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4769349813","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/M026981/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6741951271","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T024917/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2105944720","https://openalex.org/W2522448907","https://openalex.org/W2620403523","https://openalex.org/W2809143401","https://openalex.org/W2953896412","https://openalex.org/W2966935339","https://openalex.org/W2971376523","https://openalex.org/W2998340595","https://openalex.org/W2998877372","https://openalex.org/W3000833961","https://openalex.org/W3007045755","https://openalex.org/W3025413549","https://openalex.org/W3038584219","https://openalex.org/W3042070225","https://openalex.org/W3074099308","https://openalex.org/W3081632211","https://openalex.org/W3108088019","https://openalex.org/W3118436442","https://openalex.org/W3120721446","https://openalex.org/W3131804642","https://openalex.org/W3133006985","https://openalex.org/W3142317727","https://openalex.org/W3143652073","https://openalex.org/W3165018501","https://openalex.org/W3165722858","https://openalex.org/W3194775218","https://openalex.org/W3201536728","https://openalex.org/W3203932036","https://openalex.org/W3210783895","https://openalex.org/W3213867651","https://openalex.org/W4205302645","https://openalex.org/W4205872744","https://openalex.org/W4206243574","https://openalex.org/W4206931784","https://openalex.org/W4220748182","https://openalex.org/W4220792723","https://openalex.org/W4223519017","https://openalex.org/W4225750189","https://openalex.org/W4226474523","https://openalex.org/W4285154163","https://openalex.org/W4285162727","https://openalex.org/W4285791453","https://openalex.org/W4286252208","https://openalex.org/W4312191148","https://openalex.org/W4312737157","https://openalex.org/W4366378559","https://openalex.org/W6765725252","https://openalex.org/W6839682259"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Securing":[0],"Electronic":[1],"Medical":[2,138],"Records":[3],"(EMRs)":[4],"is":[5,157,233,266,301],"one":[6],"of":[7,12,23,78,113,137,161,166,240],"the":[8,15,19,58,70,134,153,171,173,188,211,215,237,248,258,270],"most":[9],"critical":[10],"applications":[11],"cryptography":[13],"over":[14],"Internet":[16,136],"due":[17],"to":[18,39,106,111,141,170,179,195,224,257,260,269],"value":[20],"and":[21,37,44,67,88,119,183,197,213,226,243,279,284,289,318],"importance":[22],"data":[24,93,239],"contained":[25],"in":[26,210,222],"such":[27,144],"EMRs.":[28,231],"Although":[29],"blockchain-based":[30,219],"healthcare":[31],"systems":[32],"can":[33,285],"provide":[34],"security,":[35,316],"privacy,":[36],"immutability":[38],"EMRs,":[40],"several":[41],"outstanding":[42],"security":[43,280],"latency":[45,292],"issues":[46],"are":[47,109,255],"associated":[48],"with":[49,91,143,152,247,298],"existing":[50,97],"schemes.":[51],"For":[52],"example,":[53],"some":[54],"researchers":[55],"have":[56],"used":[57],"blockchain":[59,71],"as":[60],"a":[61,76,125,147,158,176,204,262],"storage":[62,174],"tool":[63],"which":[64,108,265,308],"increases":[65],"delay":[66],"adversely":[68],"affects":[69],"performance":[72,306],"since":[73],"it":[74],"stores":[75],"copy":[77],"each":[79,241],"transaction.":[80],"A":[81],"distributed":[82,116],"ledger":[83],"also":[84],"requires":[85],"appropriate":[86],"space":[87],"computational":[89],"power":[90],"increased":[92],"size.":[94],"In":[95],"addition,":[96],"healthcare-based":[98],"approaches":[99,300],"usually":[100],"rely":[101],"on":[102,187,236],"centralized":[103],"servers":[104],"connected":[105,246],"clouds,":[107],"vulnerable":[110],"denial":[112],"service":[114],"(DoS),":[115],"DoS":[117],"(DDoS),":[118],"collusion":[120,196],"attacks.":[121,199],"This":[122,232],"paper":[123],"proposes":[124],"novel":[126],"hybrid-deep":[127],"learning-based":[128],"homomorphic":[129],"encryption":[130],"(HE)":[131],"model":[132,202,209,217,313],"for":[133,293],"Industrial":[135],"Things":[139],"(IIoMT)":[140],"cope":[142],"challenges":[145],"using":[146,230,304],"consortium":[148,249],"blockchain.":[149,250],"Integrating":[150],"HE":[151,167],"proposed":[154,201,274,312],"IIoMT":[155],"system":[156],"vital":[159],"contribution":[160],"this":[162],"work.":[163],"The":[164],"use":[165],"while":[168],"outsourcing":[169],"cloud":[172,212,259],"provides":[175,276,314],"unique":[177],"facility":[178],"perform":[180],"any":[181],"statistical":[182],"machine":[184],"learning":[185,208],"operation":[186],"encrypted":[189],"EMR":[190],"data,":[191],"hence":[192],"providing":[193],"resistance":[194],"phishing":[198],"Our":[200,273],"uses":[203],"pre-trained":[205],"hybrid":[206],"deep":[207],"deploys":[214],"trained":[216],"into":[218],"edge":[220,242,271],"devices":[221],"order":[223],"classify":[225],"train":[227],"local":[228,252],"models":[229,253,283],"further":[234],"conditioned":[235],"private":[238],"IoT":[244],"device":[245],"All":[251],"obtained":[254],"aggregated":[256],"update":[261],"global":[263],"model,":[264],"finally":[267],"disseminated":[268],"nodes.":[272],"approach":[275],"more":[277],"privacy":[278],"than":[281],"conventional":[282],"deliver":[286],"high":[287],"efficiency":[288],"low":[290],"end-to-end":[291],"users.":[294],"Comparative":[295],"simulation":[296],"analysis":[297],"state-of-the-art":[299],"carried":[302],"out":[303],"benchmark":[305],"metrics,":[307],"show":[309],"that":[310],"our":[311],"enhanced":[315],"efficiency,":[317],"transparency.":[319]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}