{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379116847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2023.3279427","title":"CMFTC: Cross Modality Fusion Efficient Multitask Encrypt Traffic Classification for Efficient Management of IIoT","display_name":"CMFTC: Cross Modality Fusion Efficient Multitask Encrypt Traffic Classification for Efficient Management of IIoT","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379116847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2023.3279427"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2023.3279427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2023.3279427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028955924","display_name":"Jianbang Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-1962"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jianbang Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security and Intelligent Processing, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-1962","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Big Data Security and Intelligent Processing, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100777027","display_name":"Xiaolong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6254-5864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaolong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6254-5864","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087225784","display_name":"Honghao Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6861-9684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12832649","display_name":"Gachon University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ryywt80","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141962983","display_name":"Shanghai University of Engineering Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0557b9y08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]}],"countries":["CN","KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honghao Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","College of Future Industry, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6861-9684","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141962983"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Future Industry, Gachon University, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12832649"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100602821","display_name":"Fu Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1815-2793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41198531","display_name":"Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/043bpky34","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fu Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1815-2793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028955924"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41198531"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2153,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90035171,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7801505923271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-classification","display_name":"Traffic classification","score":0.7078076004981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5966730117797852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5301806926727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5004866123199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.4916720986366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.4801344573497772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inference","display_name":"Inference","score":0.4761926233768463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.47469204664230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4692257344722748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.43191152811050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3377831280231476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.17057126760482788}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7801505923271179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169988225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7832484","display_name":"Traffic classification","level":3,"score":0.7078076004981995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5966730117797852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5301806926727295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5004866123199463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4916720986366272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.4801344573497772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776214188","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408386","display_name":"Inference","level":2,"score":0.4761926233768463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.47469204664230347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4692257344722748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.43191152811050415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3377831280231476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.17057126760482788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2023.3279427","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2023.3279427","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7210707201","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072255","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495633614","https://openalex.org/W1521553548","https://openalex.org/W1690739335","https://openalex.org/W1821462560","https://openalex.org/W2127939887","https://openalex.org/W2149600645","https://openalex.org/W2161251616","https://openalex.org/W2190207511","https://openalex.org/W2218940187","https://openalex.org/W2247056620","https://openalex.org/W2343828539","https://openalex.org/W2561238782","https://openalex.org/W2583543049","https://openalex.org/W2591712613","https://openalex.org/W2606697812","https://openalex.org/W2743678626","https://openalex.org/W2743980524","https://openalex.org/W2750674396","https://openalex.org/W2771013472","https://openalex.org/W2772303842","https://openalex.org/W2784189535","https://openalex.org/W2787505794","https://openalex.org/W2794826941","https://openalex.org/W2887783173","https://openalex.org/W2897202622","https://openalex.org/W2912386632","https://openalex.org/W2915905517","https://openalex.org/W2919493784","https://openalex.org/W2921165530","https://openalex.org/W2928842143","https://openalex.org/W2936864631","https://openalex.org/W2948211051","https://openalex.org/W2949072481","https://openalex.org/W2963516518","https://openalex.org/W2963534679","https://openalex.org/W2974442408","https://openalex.org/W2981318525","https://openalex.org/W2982242214","https://openalex.org/W2994688391","https://openalex.org/W2996980851","https://openalex.org/W3001065717","https://openalex.org/W3029652632","https://openalex.org/W3038397330","https://openalex.org/W3039623901","https://openalex.org/W3044193521","https://openalex.org/W3085955590","https://openalex.org/W3109491787","https://openalex.org/W3110852602","https://openalex.org/W3114936184","https://openalex.org/W3115726903","https://openalex.org/W3121886859","https://openalex.org/W3121912046","https://openalex.org/W3129369183","https://openalex.org/W3133060356","https://openalex.org/W3134226201","https://openalex.org/W3162956350","https://openalex.org/W3164796711","https://openalex.org/W3164964481","https://openalex.org/W3190219082","https://openalex.org/W3209498073","https://openalex.org/W4385245566","https://openalex.org/W6637551013","https://openalex.org/W6638523607","https://openalex.org/W6730179637","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6748082341","https://openalex.org/W6757578793","https://openalex.org/W6763816683","https://openalex.org/W6786860526"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100090372","https://openalex.org/W2055243143","https://openalex.org/W4361205702","https://openalex.org/W4287966854","https://openalex.org/W2179036394","https://openalex.org/W4206905835","https://openalex.org/W32109103","https://openalex.org/W2171634548","https://openalex.org/W2613715541","https://openalex.org/W2076952529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traffic":[0],"classification,":[1],"which":[2,60],"deduces":[3],"task-relevant":[4],"traffic":[5,29],"types,":[6],"is":[7,86],"required":[8],"for":[9,101],"network":[10],"management,":[11],"security,":[12],"and":[13,46,77,96,113,124,130,167,173],"quality":[14],"of":[15,74,121],"service":[16],"(QoS).":[17],"In":[18,49],"recent":[19],"studies,":[20],"deep":[21,36],"learning":[22,37],"has":[23,178],"been":[24],"used":[25],"to":[26,64,88,136],"distinguish":[27],"encrypted":[28],"without":[30,143],"using":[31],"handcraft":[32],"features.":[33],"However,":[34],"higher-performance":[35],"models":[38,126],"often":[39],"come":[40],"with":[41,71,127,169],"a":[42,54,98,119,179],"significant":[43],"computational":[44],"overhead":[45],"parameter":[47],"count.":[48],"this":[50],"article,":[51],"we":[52,117,131],"present":[53],"novel":[55],"cross-modal":[56],"fusion":[57],"model,":[58],"CMFTC,":[59],"achieves":[61,106],"comparable":[62],"performance":[63,108],"the":[65,79,91,133,138,151,155],"state-of-the-art":[66],"(SOTA)":[67],"model":[68,85,105,153,177],"DISTILLER,":[69],"but":[70],"only":[72],"18%":[73],"its":[75],"parameters":[76,172],"half":[78],"floating-point":[80],"operations":[81],"(FLOPs).":[82],"The":[83],"CMFTC":[84],"designed":[87],"carefully":[89],"capture":[90],"relationship":[92],"between":[93],"different":[94],"modalities":[95],"employs":[97],"lightweight":[99],"design":[100],"efficient":[102],"computation.":[103],"Our":[104,146],"better":[107,180],"by":[109,189],"fusing":[110],"packet,":[111],"context,":[112],"flow-level":[114],"modalities.":[115],"Additionally,":[116],"propose":[118],"pair":[120],"homogeneous":[122],"student":[123,139],"teacher":[125],"similar":[128],"architectures,":[129],"adjust":[132],"distillation":[134],"algorithm":[135],"improve":[137],"model's":[140],"inference":[141,181],"speed":[142,182],"compromising":[144],"performance.":[145],"experimental":[147],"results":[148],"demonstrate":[149],"that":[150],"proposed":[152],"outperforms":[154],"current":[156],"SOTA":[157],"on":[158,183],"several":[159],"benchmark":[160],"datasets,":[161],"including":[162],"Ton_IoT,":[163],"IoT-23,":[164],"ISCX-Tor-2016,":[165],"ISCX-VPN-2016,":[166],"USTC-TFC,":[168],"significantly":[170],"fewer":[171],"FLOPs.":[174],"Furthermore,":[175],"our":[176,190],"real":[184],"IoT":[185],"devices,":[186],"as":[187],"demonstrated":[188],"experiments.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
