{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312831189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2022.3217923","title":"Lightweight Digital Twin and Federated Learning With Distributed Incentive in Air-Ground 6G Networks","display_name":"Lightweight Digital Twin and Federated Learning With Distributed Incentive in Air-Ground 6G Networks","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312831189","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2022.3217923"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2022.3217923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2022.3217923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032266950","display_name":"Wen Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7086-4910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wen Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046990271","display_name":"Sijia Lian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9266-4522"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sijia Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100356583","display_name":"Haibin Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0080-6341"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100456327","display_name":"Yan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8561-5092"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","display_name":"University of Oslo","ror":"https://ror.org/01xtthb56","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210153474","display_name":"Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/04xtarr15","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184531372","https://openalex.org/I2799829267","https://openalex.org/I4210153474"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Simula Metropolitan Center for Digital Engineering, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210153474","https://openalex.org/I184942183"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032266950"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.3138,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97565423,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":"3","first_page":"1214","last_page":"1227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9782000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7885992527008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6242735981941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.535020112991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.49057430028915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchestration","display_name":"Orchestration","score":0.4765665829181671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.45438066124916077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.41797682642936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.4108022153377533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37528494000434875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.36231565475463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.146200031042099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11766701936721802}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7885992527008057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6242735981941223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.535020112991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.49057430028915405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199168358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3367000","display_name":"Orchestration","level":3,"score":0.4765665829181671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.45438066124916077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.41797682642936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4108022153377533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37528494000434875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.36231565475463867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.146200031042099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11766701936721802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558565934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2743","display_name":"Musical","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2022.3217923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2022.3217923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8899999856948853,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4542764346","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021ZDLGY05-08","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329783","funder_display_name":"Key Industry Innovation Chain of Shaanxi"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7251765679","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272391","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329783","display_name":"Key Industry Innovation Chain of Shaanxi","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1963069121","https://openalex.org/W1984048872","https://openalex.org/W2104655685","https://openalex.org/W2121798960","https://openalex.org/W2132886902","https://openalex.org/W2283463896","https://openalex.org/W2348800960","https://openalex.org/W2581964379","https://openalex.org/W2615926310","https://openalex.org/W2809450641","https://openalex.org/W2884971059","https://openalex.org/W2886253469","https://openalex.org/W2896112445","https://openalex.org/W2910597635","https://openalex.org/W2917116807","https://openalex.org/W2972882814","https://openalex.org/W2981096252","https://openalex.org/W2983431304","https://openalex.org/W2989120265","https://openalex.org/W3001989995","https://openalex.org/W3007043174","https://openalex.org/W3012285603","https://openalex.org/W3015636663","https://openalex.org/W3016632787","https://openalex.org/W3025029677","https://openalex.org/W3034788315","https://openalex.org/W3039380259","https://openalex.org/W3048448986","https://openalex.org/W3058760796","https://openalex.org/W3102703331","https://openalex.org/W3105099026","https://openalex.org/W3109847748","https://openalex.org/W3118170459","https://openalex.org/W3129115847","https://openalex.org/W3130992186","https://openalex.org/W3135704163","https://openalex.org/W3163579201","https://openalex.org/W3188569078","https://openalex.org/W3202627973","https://openalex.org/W6695838908"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W79913212","https://openalex.org/W2094884983","https://openalex.org/W2378898096","https://openalex.org/W560952460","https://openalex.org/W2290927522","https://openalex.org/W4283579741","https://openalex.org/W3066706303","https://openalex.org/W876159576","https://openalex.org/W2943612818","https://openalex.org/W4385152897"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,156],"sixth-generation":[1],"(6G)":[2],"wireless":[3],"network":[4,12,29,50,92],"is":[5,99],"conceptualized":[6],"to":[7,38,71,101,127],"provide":[8],"ubiquitous":[9],"and":[10,20,46,60,137,165,195],"reliable":[11],"access":[13],"through":[14],"effective":[15],"inter-networking":[16],"among":[17],"space,":[18],"air,":[19],"terrestrial":[21],"networks,":[22],"while":[23],"posing":[24],"considerable":[25],"pressure":[26],"on":[27,75,106,176],"dynamic":[28],"orchestration.":[30],"Digital":[31],"twin":[32,74],"(DT)":[33],"provides":[34],"an":[35],"alternative":[36],"approach":[37],"proactively":[39],"make":[40,68],"real-time":[41],"resource":[42],"allocation":[43],"by":[44,142],"mapping":[45],"learning":[47],"the":[48,53,95,111,134,143,148,161,182,185],"complex":[49],"topology.":[51],"However,":[52],"dual":[54],"challenges":[55],"of":[56,64,80,113,168,184,192],"limited":[57],"energy":[58,193],"capacity":[59],"insufficient":[61],"computing":[62,135],"power":[63],"unmanned":[65],"aerial":[66,76],"vehicles":[67],"it":[69],"difficult":[70],"establish":[72],"digital":[73],"networks.":[77],"In":[78],"light":[79],"this,":[81],"in":[82,130,174,190],"this":[83],"paper,":[84],"we":[85,116,145],"propose":[86],"a":[87,118,152],"lightweight":[88,187],"DT":[89,96,114,188],"empowered":[90],"air-ground":[91],"architecture,":[93],"where":[94],"modelling":[97],"task":[98],"distributed":[100,119,154],"diverse":[102],"ground":[103,125,177],"devices":[104,126],"based":[105],"federated":[107,131],"learning.":[108,132],"To":[109],"improve":[110],"efficiency":[112],"modelling,":[115],"design":[117],"incentive":[120,149],"mechanism":[121],"that":[122],"incentivizes":[123],"high-performance":[124],"take":[128],"part":[129],"Considering":[133],"burden":[136],"possible":[138],"private":[139],"disclosure":[140],"caused":[141],"incentive,":[144],"further":[146],"solve":[147],"scheme":[150,189],"with":[151],"new":[153],"algorithm.":[155],"optimal":[157],"solution,":[158],"such":[159],"as":[160],"local":[162],"training":[163],"rounds":[164],"required":[166],"accuracy":[167],"terminal":[169],"devices,":[170],"could":[171],"be":[172],"calculated":[173],"parallel":[175],"devices.":[178],"Simulation":[179],"results":[180],"show":[181],"effectiveness":[183],"proposed":[186],"terms":[191],"consumption":[194],"model":[196],"accuracy.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}