{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3037958813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2022.3164357","title":"Network Connectivity Under a Probabilistic Node Failure Model","display_name":"Network Connectivity Under a Probabilistic Node Failure Model","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3037958813","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2022.3164357","mag":"3037958813"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2022.3164357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2022.3164357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.13551","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086236981","display_name":"Lucia Cavallaro","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-6084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lucia Cavallaro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2367-6084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021862093","display_name":"Stefania Costantini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-6124"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefania Costantini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of L&#x0027;Aquila, L&#x0027;Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5686-6124","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of L&#x0027;Aquila, L&#x0027;Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018975350","display_name":"Pasquale De Meo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7421-216X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I112862951","display_name":"University of Messina","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctdxz19","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pasquale De Meo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Ancient and Modern Civilizations, University of Messina, Messina, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7421-216X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Ancient and Modern Civilizations, University of Messina, Messina, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I112862951"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026941307","display_name":"Antonio Liotta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2773-4421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I171543936","display_name":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Liotta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2773-4421","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036321638","display_name":"Giovanni Stilo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2092-0213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I26415053","display_name":"University of L'Aquila","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9p1r26","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giovanni Stilo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of L&#x0027;Aquila, L&#x0027;Aquila, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2092-0213","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of L&#x0027;Aquila, L&#x0027;Aquila, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I26415053"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086236981"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I171543936"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":{"value":2011,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2168},"fwci":1.5021,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81291553,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"4","first_page":"2463","last_page":"2480"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11273","display_name":"Advanced Graph Neural Networks","score":0.9652000069618225,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9524999856948853,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/centrality","display_name":"Centrality","score":0.7090628147125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.6060706973075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5979288816452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graph","display_name":"Graph","score":0.489757776260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/betweenness-centrality","display_name":"Betweenness centrality","score":0.43522557616233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.31623727083206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.28336870670318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1714797019958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1417732536792755}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53811970","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5062194","display_name":"Centrality","level":2,"score":0.7090628147125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.6060706973075867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5979288816452026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.489757776260376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117045392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4899215","display_name":"Betweenness centrality","level":3,"score":0.43522557616233826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.31623727083206177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28336870670318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1714797019958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1417732536792755}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2022.3164357","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2022.3164357","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2006.13551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.13551","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.13551","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.39UBZ_INST:11291638530001241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9748025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.luiss.it:11385/252718","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11385/252718","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196446","display_name":"IRIS - Institutional Research Information System (Libera Universit\u00e0 Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I56441308","host_organization_name":"Libera Universit\u00e0 Internazionale degli Studi Sociali Guido Carli","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56441308"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:unibz.it:11291638530001241","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://bia.unibz.it/esploro/outputs/journalArticle/Network-connectivity-under-a-probabilistic-node/991006481597601241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210197018","display_name":"View","issn_l":"2688-268X","issn":["2688-268X","2688-3988"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2006.13551","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2006.13551","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2006.13551","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2276888523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Grant IN2812 (STEADIER project)","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325400","funder_display_name":"Libera Universit\u00e0 di Bolzano"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325400","display_name":"Libera Universit\u00e0 di Bolzano","ror":"https://ror.org/012ajp527"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":84,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W83404773","https://openalex.org/W390146837","https://openalex.org/W658559791","https://openalex.org/W1485732691","https://openalex.org/W1490883626","https://openalex.org/W1501825524","https://openalex.org/W1822546143","https://openalex.org/W1830307536","https://openalex.org/W1875112053","https://openalex.org/W1914027636","https://openalex.org/W1967385589","https://openalex.org/W1968686485","https://openalex.org/W1972183931","https://openalex.org/W1989400610","https://openalex.org/W1997810707","https://openalex.org/W2008620264","https://openalex.org/W2009439092","https://openalex.org/W2024814977","https://openalex.org/W2026417691","https://openalex.org/W2040763707","https://openalex.org/W2042901984","https://openalex.org/W2047311061","https://openalex.org/W2065543353","https://openalex.org/W2065769502","https://openalex.org/W2078327425","https://openalex.org/W2085330768","https://openalex.org/W2087194317","https://openalex.org/W2096423888","https://openalex.org/W2106226199","https://openalex.org/W2108614537","https://openalex.org/W2110227539","https://openalex.org/W2110953678","https://openalex.org/W2111772797","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2125204570","https://openalex.org/W2128438887","https://openalex.org/W2133131640","https://openalex.org/W2139297408","https://openalex.org/W2145845082","https://openalex.org/W2146591355","https://openalex.org/W2151187166","https://openalex.org/W2161728228","https://openalex.org/W2185894252","https://openalex.org/W2261717057","https://openalex.org/W2431497588","https://openalex.org/W2470757901","https://openalex.org/W2528339895","https://openalex.org/W2528693189","https://openalex.org/W2613068310","https://openalex.org/W2740540264","https://openalex.org/W2767159587","https://openalex.org/W2775457402","https://openalex.org/W2783365525","https://openalex.org/W2789364541","https://openalex.org/W2791544114","https://openalex.org/W2792919356","https://openalex.org/W2897513444","https://openalex.org/W2905110430","https://openalex.org/W2925661570","https://openalex.org/W2951918391","https://openalex.org/W2980995841","https://openalex.org/W3023194939","https://openalex.org/W3040437829","https://openalex.org/W3094504436","https://openalex.org/W3096922567","https://openalex.org/W3103056243","https://openalex.org/W3103071483","https://openalex.org/W3103657871","https://openalex.org/W3105272691","https://openalex.org/W3106147091","https://openalex.org/W3124313466","https://openalex.org/W3191969778","https://openalex.org/W3197013275","https://openalex.org/W3205561175","https://openalex.org/W4237078129","https://openalex.org/W4238452917","https://openalex.org/W4312512934","https://openalex.org/W4407324070","https://openalex.org/W6629421428","https://openalex.org/W6670816104","https://openalex.org/W6683180375","https://openalex.org/W6728043610","https://openalex.org/W6738012828","https://openalex.org/W6760854396"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973509935","https://openalex.org/W4389076551","https://openalex.org/W2107855069","https://openalex.org/W2611574733","https://openalex.org/W2241641394","https://openalex.org/W2514739320","https://openalex.org/W2097992793","https://openalex.org/W2140653560","https://openalex.org/W2348831795","https://openalex.org/W4312461432"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Node-removal":[0],"processes":[1],"are":[2],"generally":[3,167],"used":[4,169],"to":[5,11,20,31,50,85,170,208],"test":[6],"network":[7,53],"robustness":[8],"against":[9],"failures,":[10],"verify":[12],"the":[13,43,119,124,127,139,144,147,150,164,172,211,214],"strength":[14],"of":[15,146,149,158,213],"a":[16,25,58,159],"power":[17],"grid,":[18],"or":[19],"contain":[21],"fake":[22],"news.":[23],"Yet,":[24],"node-removal":[26],"task":[27],"is":[28,39,121,141],"typically":[29],"assumed":[30],"be":[32,48,168],"always":[33],"successful;":[34],"we":[35],"argue":[36],"that":[37,42,163],"this":[38],"unrealistic,":[40],"and":[41,75,109,182],"node":[44,62,86,136],"strengths":[45],"should":[46],"also":[47],"considered":[49],"better":[51],"accommodate":[52],"failure":[54,63],"scenarios.":[55],"We":[56,161],"propose":[57],"<italic":[59,69,76,106,110],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[60,70,77,107,111,131,155,178,184],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">probabilistic":[61],"model</i>":[64],",":[65,80,113,187],"considering":[66],"two":[67],"variants:":[68],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Uniform</i>":[71],"nodes":[72],"survival-to-failure":[73],"probability;":[74],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">Best":[78],"Connected</i>":[79],"i.e.,":[81],"survival":[82],"probability":[83],"proportional":[84],"degree.":[87],"Our":[88],"evaluation":[89],"considers":[90],"five":[91],"popular":[92],"centrality":[93],"metrics":[94],"(degree,":[95],"h-index,":[96],"coreness,":[97],"Eigenvector,":[98],"Katz":[99],"centrality),":[100],"performing":[101],"an":[102],"experimental":[103],"analysis":[104],"on":[105,114],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">effectiveness</i>":[108],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">coverage</i>":[112],"eight":[115],"real-world":[116],"graphs.":[117],"Specifically,":[118],"effectiveness":[120],"defined":[122],"as":[123,143],"drop":[125,174],"in":[126,175,189],"spectral":[128],"radius":[129],"<inline-formula":[130,154,177,183],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><tex-math":[132,156,179,185],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\lambda":[133,180],"_{1}$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[134,181],"after":[135],"removal,":[137],"while":[138],"coverage":[140],"understood":[142],"reduction":[145],"size":[148],"largest":[151],"connected":[152],"component":[153],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$c$</tex-math></inline-formula>":[157,186],"graph.":[160],"find":[162],"degree":[165],"can":[166],"cause":[171],"biggest":[173],"both":[176],"especially":[188],"graphs":[190],"deriving":[191],"from":[192,206],"human":[193],"interactions/collaborations.":[194],"Comparing":[195],"with":[196],"conventional":[197],"methods,":[198],"our":[199],"probabilistic":[200],"model":[201],"exhibits":[202],"significant":[203],"differences":[204],"(ranging":[205],"0%":[207],"83%),":[209],"highlighting":[210],"benefits":[212],"proposed":[215],"method.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}