{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2969652231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3106956","title":"Secure Computation Offloading in Blockchain Based IoT Networks With Deep Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Secure Computation Offloading in Blockchain Based IoT Networks With Deep Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-08-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2969652231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3106956","mag":"2969652231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2021.3106956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3106956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.07466","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076942188","display_name":"Dinh C. Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-6756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dinh C. Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia","Deakin University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8092-6756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037113249","display_name":"Pubudu N. Pathirana","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-7798"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pubudu N. Pathirana","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia","Deakin University"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-7798","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deakin University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075722123","display_name":"Ming Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-0321"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1292875679","display_name":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation","ror":"https://ror.org/03qn8fb07","country_code":"AU","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I42894916","display_name":"Data61","ror":"https://ror.org/03q397159","country_code":"AU","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I2801453606","https://openalex.org/I42894916","https://openalex.org/I4387156119"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data61, CSIRO, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia","CSIRO, "],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3690-0321","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data61, CSIRO, Eveleigh, NSW 2015, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679","https://openalex.org/I42894916"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CSIRO, ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1292875679"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031507494","display_name":"Aruna Seneviratne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-7987"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aruna Seneviratne","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia","University of New South Wales,#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6894-7987","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Sydney, NSW 2015, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales,#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1077,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":20,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92229904,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"4","first_page":"3192","last_page":"3208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.8977486491203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8511108756065369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7121995687484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.652544379234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.5385172963142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5065010786056519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5049222111701965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.4289219379425049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4094843566417694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.3608230948448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.3155781626701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-of-things","display_name":"Internet of Things","score":0.30499905347824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12651854753494263}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.8977486491203308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8511108756065369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7121995687484741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.652544379234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.5385172963142395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5065010786056519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5049222111701965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4289219379425049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4094843566417694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.3608230948448181},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3155781626701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81860439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251212","display_name":"Internet of Things","level":2,"score":0.30499905347824097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12651854753494263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2021.3106956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3106956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1908.07466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.07466","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.07466","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2969652231","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.07466.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30155224","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1109/TNSE.2021.3106956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402457","display_name":"Deakin Research Online (Deakin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20648031","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Secure_Computation_Offloading_in_Blockchain_Based_IoT_Networks_with_Deep_Reinforcement_Learning/20648031","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1908.07466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1908.07466","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1908.07466","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1908.07466","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1908.07466","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969652231.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2969652231.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1943579973","https://openalex.org/W1976188373","https://openalex.org/W2047134848","https://openalex.org/W2058401212","https://openalex.org/W2121863487","https://openalex.org/W2134295053","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2155968351","https://openalex.org/W2173564293","https://openalex.org/W2511262144","https://openalex.org/W2533567516","https://openalex.org/W2604096638","https://openalex.org/W2624989916","https://openalex.org/W2755569472","https://openalex.org/W2777781531","https://openalex.org/W2794596638","https://openalex.org/W2799366331","https://openalex.org/W2805930283","https://openalex.org/W2806370953","https://openalex.org/W2808449107","https://openalex.org/W2809526465","https://openalex.org/W2902729902","https://openalex.org/W2907843228","https://openalex.org/W2912590950","https://openalex.org/W2914492849","https://openalex.org/W2914576459","https://openalex.org/W2921870161","https://openalex.org/W2922361312","https://openalex.org/W2939119543","https://openalex.org/W2945235903","https://openalex.org/W2949226003","https://openalex.org/W2954963846","https://openalex.org/W2960975633","https://openalex.org/W2962740246","https://openalex.org/W2963334314","https://openalex.org/W2964583557","https://openalex.org/W2969388461","https://openalex.org/W2969579839","https://openalex.org/W2974991939","https://openalex.org/W2976044145","https://openalex.org/W2982531427","https://openalex.org/W2984381742","https://openalex.org/W3002742063","https://openalex.org/W3006953655","https://openalex.org/W3011576217","https://openalex.org/W3011808952","https://openalex.org/W3015421697","https://openalex.org/W3026402304","https://openalex.org/W3034730089","https://openalex.org/W3035012142","https://openalex.org/W3037243147","https://openalex.org/W3041261812","https://openalex.org/W3049366385","https://openalex.org/W3091810627","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3101813280","https://openalex.org/W3151748982"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3195439912","https://openalex.org/W2949226003","https://openalex.org/W3127516700","https://openalex.org/W2985740385","https://openalex.org/W3080122404","https://openalex.org/W3030218575","https://openalex.org/W2609013523","https://openalex.org/W3040910911","https://openalex.org/W3121963786","https://openalex.org/W2918891759","https://openalex.org/W2969579839","https://openalex.org/W2807875418","https://openalex.org/W2938209498","https://openalex.org/W2897662902","https://openalex.org/W2765103933","https://openalex.org/W2746925459","https://openalex.org/W3004630511","https://openalex.org/W2946008609","https://openalex.org/W3203154572","https://openalex.org/W3136322623"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0],"current":[1],"and":[2,75,137,140,158,188],"future":[3],"Internet":[4],"of":[5,116,134,154,195],"Things":[6],"(IoT)":[7],"networks,":[8],"mobile":[9,28,42,60],"edge-cloud":[10],"computation":[11,51,76,114,123],"offloading":[12,27,48,77,90,108,124,130,169],"(MECCO)":[13],"has":[14],"been":[15],"regarded":[16],"as":[17],"a":[18,64,80,94,122,180],"promising":[19],"means":[20],"to":[21,30,35,40,46,49,87,111,148],"support":[22],"delay-sensitive":[23],"IoT":[24],"applications.":[25],"However,":[26],"tasks":[29],"the":[31,73,89,113,117,129,132,150,167,192,199],"cloud":[32,62,104],"gives":[33],"rise":[34],"new":[36],"security":[37,58,74],"issues":[38],"due":[39],"malicious":[41],"devices":[43],"(MDs).":[44],"How":[45],"implement":[47],"alleviate":[50],"burdens":[52],"at":[53],"MDs":[54],"while":[55],"guaranteeing":[56],"high":[57],"in":[59,79],"edge":[61],"is":[63],"challenging":[65],"problem.":[66],"In":[67],"this":[68],"paper,":[69],"we":[70,92,120,171],"investigate":[71],"simultaneously":[72],"problems":[78],"multi-user":[81],"MECCO":[82],"system":[83,152],"with":[84],"blockchain.":[85],"First,":[86],"improve":[88],"security,":[91],"propose":[93],"trustworthy":[95],"access":[96],"control":[97],"mechanism":[98],"using":[99,179],"blockchain,":[100],"which":[101],"can":[102],"protect":[103],"resources":[105],"against":[106],"illegal":[107],"behaviours.":[109],"Then,":[110],"tackle":[112],"management":[115],"authorized":[118],"MDs,":[119],"formulate":[121],"problem":[125,146],"by":[126],"jointly":[127],"optimizing":[128],"decisions,":[131],"allocation":[133],"computing":[135],"resource":[136],"radio":[138],"bandwidth,":[139],"smart":[141,159],"contract":[142,160],"usage.":[143],"This":[144],"optimization":[145],"aims":[147],"minimize":[149],"long-term":[151],"costs":[153],"latency,":[155],"energy":[156],"consumption":[157],"fee":[161],"among":[162],"all":[163],"MDs.":[164],"To":[165],"solve":[166],"proposed":[168],"problem,":[170],"develop":[172],"an":[173],"advanced":[174],"deep":[175],"reinforcement":[176],"learning":[177],"algorithm":[178],"double-dueling":[181],"Q-network.":[182],"Evaluation":[183],"results":[184],"from":[185],"real":[186],"experiments":[187],"numerical":[189],"simulations":[190],"demonstrate":[191],"significant":[193],"advantages":[194],"our":[196],"scheme":[197],"over":[198],"existing":[200],"approaches.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
