{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3100863978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3081759","title":"Positively Correlated Samples Save Pooled Testing Costs","display_name":"Positively Correlated Samples Save Pooled Testing Costs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3100863978","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3081759","mag":"3100863978","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35783009"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2021.3081759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3081759","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488902/9541107/09437818.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488902/9541107/09437818.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005379391","display_name":"Yi-Jheng Lin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3001-6199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Jheng Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan","Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3001-6199","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018049632","display_name":"Che-Hao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6583-5418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Che-Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan","Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6583-5418","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058472121","display_name":"Tzu\u2010Hsuan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1502-2408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tzu-Hsuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan","Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016945609","display_name":"Cheng\u2010Shang Chang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5386-4756"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng-Shang Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan","Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5386-4756","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068557146","display_name":"Wen-Tsuen Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-610X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wen-Tsuen Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Communications EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan","Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7570-610X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications EngineeringNational Tsing Hua University Hsinchu 300044 Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Communications Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"],"apc_list":{"value":2045,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2045},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.6153,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86213685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"2170","last_page":"2182"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11754","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11754","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 detection and testing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10118","display_name":"SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/group-testing","display_name":"Group testing","score":0.861066997051239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pooling","display_name":"Pooling","score":0.7427852153778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.545285701751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-testing","display_name":"Random testing","score":0.5261706113815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.44690555334091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reduction","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","score":0.4200526177883148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3813028335571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.35950249433517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2611231207847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.19741877913475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-case","display_name":"Test case","score":0.16536590456962585}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177580056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5611272","display_name":"Group testing","level":2,"score":0.861066997051239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70437156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7228652","display_name":"Pooling","level":2,"score":0.7427852153778076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.545285701751709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17146789","display_name":"Random testing","level":4,"score":0.5261706113815308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44690555334091187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111335779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3454686","display_name":"Reduction (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4200526177883148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3813028335571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.35950249433517456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2611231207847595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.19741877913475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128942645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1568346","display_name":"Test case","level":3,"score":0.16536590456962585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2021.3081759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3081759","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488902/9541107/09437818.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35783009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35783009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on network science and engineering","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2011.09794","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2011.09794","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2011.09794","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8769016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8769016","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Trans Netw Sci Eng","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2021.3081759","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3081759","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/6488902/9541107/09437818.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1607868690","display_name":"The Multichannel Rendezvous Problem and Ultra-Reliability and Low-Latency Communications","funder_award_id":"MOST109-2221-E007-091-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1705774720","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2221-E-007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3100863978.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3100863978.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1856487264","https://openalex.org/W1875112053","https://openalex.org/W1975680434","https://openalex.org/W2013002076","https://openalex.org/W2041671307","https://openalex.org/W2054997715","https://openalex.org/W2061820396","https://openalex.org/W2103135182","https://openalex.org/W2108614537","https://openalex.org/W2112090702","https://openalex.org/W2112150460","https://openalex.org/W2152284345","https://openalex.org/W2154602821","https://openalex.org/W2155461593","https://openalex.org/W2743418339","https://openalex.org/W2765570567","https://openalex.org/W2912457157","https://openalex.org/W2950924954","https://openalex.org/W3013085536","https://openalex.org/W3013582780","https://openalex.org/W3014275609","https://openalex.org/W3014640778","https://openalex.org/W3016677553","https://openalex.org/W3019625944","https://openalex.org/W3022798007","https://openalex.org/W3022807263","https://openalex.org/W3023086180","https://openalex.org/W3024371971","https://openalex.org/W3080991685","https://openalex.org/W3088507067","https://openalex.org/W3088968345","https://openalex.org/W3090123594","https://openalex.org/W3094078202","https://openalex.org/W3099488484","https://openalex.org/W3100347265","https://openalex.org/W3101413764","https://openalex.org/W3121627709","https://openalex.org/W3157898849","https://openalex.org/W3158118580","https://openalex.org/W3168870176","https://openalex.org/W3187175611","https://openalex.org/W3208673741","https://openalex.org/W4211215973","https://openalex.org/W4232212779","https://openalex.org/W4237078129","https://openalex.org/W4238452917","https://openalex.org/W4287816591","https://openalex.org/W4298161172","https://openalex.org/W6683180375","https://openalex.org/W6777200131","https://openalex.org/W6777533430","https://openalex.org/W6783272512","https://openalex.org/W6783946164","https://openalex.org/W6794354618"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090123594","https://openalex.org/W4298106763","https://openalex.org/W4225762034","https://openalex.org/W3208673741","https://openalex.org/W3193495136","https://openalex.org/W3214194574","https://openalex.org/W4289536551","https://openalex.org/W3034045117","https://openalex.org/W2935446612","https://openalex.org/W3092874786"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,107],"group":[1,34,103],"testing":[2,12,23,118],"approach,":[3,13],"which":[4],"achieves":[5],"significant":[6],"cost":[7,88,143],"reduction":[8,89,144],"over":[9],"the":[10,74,95,127,152],"individual":[11],"has":[14],"received":[15],"a":[16,33,45,53,83,102,112,120],"lot":[17],"of":[18,24],"interest":[19],"lately":[20],"for":[21,44,116],"massive":[22],"COVID-19.":[25,49],"Many":[26],"studies":[27],"simply":[28],"assume":[29],"samples":[30,100],"mixed":[31],"in":[32,126],"are":[35,62,104],"independent.":[36],"However,":[37],"this":[38],"assumption":[39],"may":[40],"not":[41],"be":[42,65,91],"reasonable":[43],"contagious":[46],"disease":[47],"like":[48],"Specifically,":[50],"people":[51],"within":[52,101],"family":[54],"tend":[55],"to":[56,64,81,110,141,148],"infect":[57],"each":[58],"other":[59,108],"and":[60],"thus":[61],"likely":[63],"positively":[66,105],"correlated.":[67,106],"By":[68],"exploiting":[69],"positive":[70],"correlation,":[71],"we":[72],"make":[73],"following":[75],"two":[76,135],"main":[77],"contributions.":[78],"One":[79],"is":[80,109,156],"provide":[82],"rigorous":[84],"proof":[85],"that":[86],"further":[87],"can":[90],"achieved":[92],"by":[93],"using":[94],"Dorfman":[96,153],"two-stage":[97,154],"method":[98],"when":[99,151],"propose":[111],"hierarchical":[113],"agglomerative":[114],"algorithm":[115,139,155],"pooled":[117],"with":[119],"social":[121,128,132],"graph,":[122],"where":[123],"an":[124,138],"edge":[125],"graph":[129],"connects":[130],"frequent":[131],"contacts":[133],"between":[134],"persons.":[136],"Such":[137],"leads":[140],"notable":[142],"(roughly":[145],"20-35%)":[146],"compared":[147],"random":[149],"pooling":[150],"applied.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-28T12:50:07.497085","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
