{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3151108913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3068975","title":"Near-Optimal Robust Virtual Controller Placement in 5G Software Defined Networks","display_name":"Near-Optimal Robust Virtual Controller Placement in 5G Software Defined Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-03-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3151108913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3068975","mag":"3151108913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2021.3068975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3068975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020811722","display_name":"Ehsan Tohidi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6548-7919"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4577782","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/03v4gjf40","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ehsan Tohidi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Telecommunication Systems, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6548-7919","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Telecommunication Systems, Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4577782"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018168000","display_name":"Saeedeh Parsaeefard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0865-8179"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeedeh Parsaeefard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0865-8179","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113662214","display_name":"Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Ali Maddah-Ali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016732612","display_name":"Babak Hossein Khalaj","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-2338"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133529467","display_name":"Sharif University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/024c2fq17","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146419","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31","country_code":"IR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Babak Hossein Khalaj","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9289-2338","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133529467"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146419"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055726968","display_name":"Alberto Leon\u2010Garcia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9888-0389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Leon-Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9888-0389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical, and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5192,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82932466,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"2","first_page":"1687","last_page":"1697"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9815999865531921,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7303839325904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-defined-networking","display_name":"Software-defined networking","score":0.7247915267944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6479493975639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6173792481422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6098790764808655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtualization","display_name":"Virtualization","score":0.4603419601917267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-architecture","display_name":"Network architecture","score":0.41324567794799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3253137469291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.20780673623085022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7303839325904846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77270119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1655198","display_name":"Software-defined networking","level":2,"score":0.7247915267944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6479493975639343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6173792481422424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6098790764808655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C513985346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q270471","display_name":"Virtualization","level":3,"score":0.4603419601917267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q639681","display_name":"Network architecture","level":2,"score":0.41324567794799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3253137469291687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.20780673623085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2021.3068975","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2021.3068975","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323645","display_name":"Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04xreqs31"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W390146837","https://openalex.org/W1529620455","https://openalex.org/W1963547452","https://openalex.org/W2002532572","https://openalex.org/W2013958607","https://openalex.org/W2018237837","https://openalex.org/W2034884600","https://openalex.org/W2060738961","https://openalex.org/W2067453331","https://openalex.org/W2076469583","https://openalex.org/W2104085053","https://openalex.org/W2107944181","https://openalex.org/W2123347367","https://openalex.org/W2136835942","https://openalex.org/W2140876619","https://openalex.org/W2327361128","https://openalex.org/W2398914073","https://openalex.org/W2464214790","https://openalex.org/W2464521525","https://openalex.org/W2480271867","https://openalex.org/W2500139799","https://openalex.org/W2500898769","https://openalex.org/W2557777287","https://openalex.org/W2561865381","https://openalex.org/W2569929970","https://openalex.org/W2584654322","https://openalex.org/W2605134274","https://openalex.org/W2605571852","https://openalex.org/W2613565282","https://openalex.org/W2613699475","https://openalex.org/W2626213522","https://openalex.org/W2733675340","https://openalex.org/W2741327217","https://openalex.org/W2753937185","https://openalex.org/W2754733581","https://openalex.org/W2756802225","https://openalex.org/W2762414772","https://openalex.org/W2771405653","https://openalex.org/W2779533463","https://openalex.org/W2789911982","https://openalex.org/W2791481534","https://openalex.org/W2791634351","https://openalex.org/W2793519446","https://openalex.org/W2795515595","https://openalex.org/W2801480870","https://openalex.org/W2906882938","https://openalex.org/W2962796261","https://openalex.org/W2981813000","https://openalex.org/W2990566901","https://openalex.org/W3005618372","https://openalex.org/W3024155515","https://openalex.org/W3069208607","https://openalex.org/W3083404835","https://openalex.org/W3086628084","https://openalex.org/W3091257911","https://openalex.org/W3105184776","https://openalex.org/W4213255380","https://openalex.org/W4246219036","https://openalex.org/W4256228233","https://openalex.org/W4256229146","https://openalex.org/W4297693306","https://openalex.org/W6631559111","https://openalex.org/W6724212191","https://openalex.org/W6736525354"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2389214306","https://openalex.org/W2965083567","https://openalex.org/W3169265188","https://openalex.org/W2267484144","https://openalex.org/W4235240664","https://openalex.org/W2398230795","https://openalex.org/W3217600415","https://openalex.org/W3212638064","https://openalex.org/W2472522135","https://openalex.org/W2392326020"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fifth":[0],"generation":[1],"(5G)":[2],"wireless":[3],"networksare":[4],"characterized":[5],"by":[6,85],"applying":[7],"the":[8,33,69,72,79,106,119,134,143,154,171,184,230],"software":[9],"defined":[10],"networking":[11],"(SDN)":[12],"and":[13,23,25,82,87,92,177,191,240],"network":[14,70,80,96,137],"function":[15],"virtualization":[16],"(NFV)":[17],"concepts":[18],"to":[19,76,94,161,182,213],"provide":[20],"higher":[21],"reliability":[22,135],"scalability,":[24],"lower":[26],"latency":[27,185],"for":[28,43],"advent":[29],"data-hungry":[30],"services.":[31],"In":[32,109,159],"initial":[34],"version":[35],"of":[36,118,136,146,156,173,186,207,232],"SDN":[37,44,66,101],"based":[38],"5G,":[39],"a":[40,164,199,222,226],"centralized":[41],"architecture":[42],"controller":[45,114,175,196],"has":[46,58],"been":[47],"proposed,":[48],"which":[49,122,148,210],"inherently":[50],"cannot":[51],"fulfill":[52],"those":[53],"requirements":[54],"simultaneously.":[55],"This":[56],"observation":[57],"led":[59],"us":[60],"toward":[61],"distributed":[62,112],"architectures,":[63],"where":[64],"multiple":[65],"controllers":[67,234],"across":[68],"constitute":[71],"control":[73],"layers.":[74],"Furthermore,":[75],"fully":[77],"achieve":[78,162],"flexibility":[81],"agility":[83],"offered":[84],"SDN,":[86],"also":[88,192],"improve":[89],"resource":[90],"utilization":[91],"consequently":[93],"reduce":[95],"cost,":[97,239],"we":[98,169],"incorporate":[99],"virtualized":[100],"(vSDN)":[102],"controllers,":[103],"enabled":[104],"through":[105],"NFV":[107],"technology.":[108],"vSDN":[110,157,174,195,233],"with":[111,129,138,221],"architecture,":[113],"placement":[115,176],"is":[116,123,204,211,235],"one":[117],"main":[120],"challenges,":[121],"an":[124],"NP-hard":[125],"combinatorial":[126],"optimization":[127],"problem":[128,172],"conflicting":[130],"objectives:":[131],"1)":[132],"maximizing":[133],"low":[139],"latency;":[140],"2)":[141],"minimizing":[142],"total":[144],"cost":[145],"implementation,":[147],"can":[149],"be":[150],"interpreted":[151],"as":[152],"reducing":[153],"number":[155,231],"controllers.":[158],"order":[160],"such":[163],"compromise,":[165],"in":[166,198,229],"this":[167],"work,":[168],"formulate":[170],"introduce":[178],"some":[179,205],"performance":[180,224],"metrics":[181],"model":[183],"communication":[187],"between":[188],"controller-switch":[189],"pairs":[190],"robustness":[193,241],"against":[194],"failures":[197],"network.":[200],"The":[201],"introduced":[202],"formulation":[203],"sorts":[206],"submodular":[208],"optimization,":[209],"exploited":[212],"develop":[214],"several":[215],"algorithms.":[216],"Simulations":[217],"results":[218],"demonstrate":[219],"that,":[220],"negligible":[223],"loss,":[225],"significant":[227],"reduction":[228],"achievable.":[236],"Finally,":[237],"latency,":[238],"trade-offs":[242],"are":[243],"investigated.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}