{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3044936466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2020.3011707","title":"Hide and Seek: A Markov-Based Defense Strategy Against Off-Sensing Attack in Cognitive Radio Networks","display_name":"Hide and Seek: A Markov-Based Defense Strategy Against Off-Sensing Attack in Cognitive Radio Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-07-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3044936466","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2020.3011707","mag":"3044936466"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2020.3011707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2020.3011707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052908876","display_name":"Moinul Hossain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1121-7649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4322298","display_name":"Towson University","ror":"https://ror.org/044w7a341","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moinul Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1121-7649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Towson University, Towson, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4322298"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019147177","display_name":"Jiang Xie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0683-4308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102149020","display_name":"University of North Carolina at Charlotte","ror":"https://ror.org/04dawnj30","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiang Xie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0683-4308","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102149020"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5455,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84212824,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"4","first_page":"3028","last_page":"3041"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10579","display_name":"Cognitive Radio Networks and Spectrum Sensing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9933000206947327,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9725000262260437,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.787868082523346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6966617107391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6399922966957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6359279155731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.5388312935829163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.5321943759918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.4553826153278351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safeguard","display_name":"Safeguard","score":0.45236486196517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4364834129810333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4357193410396576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.41598111391067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.34343528747558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1897062063217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.1700315773487091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.10142320394515991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.09355410933494568}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.787868082523346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6966617107391357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6399922966957092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6359279155731201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.5388312935829163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.5321943759918213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4553826153278351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780771206","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3271761","display_name":"Safeguard","level":2,"score":0.45236486196517944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4364834129810333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4357193410396576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.41598111391067505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.34343528747558594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1897062063217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.1700315773487091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.10142320394515991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.09355410933494568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2020.3011707","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2020.3011707","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8100000023841858,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1547627886","display_name":"SpecEES: Intelligent Energy Efficient Spectrum Access for Wireless IoT","funder_award_id":"1731675","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1607630908","display_name":"CNS Core: Small: MAC Layer Failure Control and Avoidance in Cognitive Radio Networks","funder_award_id":"1910667","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1977675288","display_name":"NeTS:  Small: Collaborative Research: Hierarchical Framework with Distributed Resource Allocation for Mobile Fog Computing","funder_award_id":"1718666","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3493855127","display_name":"CNS Core: Small: Towards Seamless Mobility in Mobile Edge Computing Networks","funder_award_id":"1910891","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6466708827","display_name":"Collaborative Research: Exploiting Upper Layer Spectrum Sensing and Directionality to Access the Hidden Available Spectrum","funder_award_id":"2025284","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580713771","https://openalex.org/W1622908323","https://openalex.org/W1971469799","https://openalex.org/W1979100775","https://openalex.org/W2008406824","https://openalex.org/W2047448995","https://openalex.org/W2049468127","https://openalex.org/W2054860223","https://openalex.org/W2081849073","https://openalex.org/W2088562872","https://openalex.org/W2091636921","https://openalex.org/W2097025901","https://openalex.org/W2114543235","https://openalex.org/W2118314698","https://openalex.org/W2118795709","https://openalex.org/W2121669578","https://openalex.org/W2122311135","https://openalex.org/W2132814903","https://openalex.org/W2143924635","https://openalex.org/W2150397642","https://openalex.org/W2156472144","https://openalex.org/W2167656028","https://openalex.org/W2168078104","https://openalex.org/W2498260479","https://openalex.org/W2538261249","https://openalex.org/W2612399048","https://openalex.org/W2737847918","https://openalex.org/W2762478267","https://openalex.org/W2783280505","https://openalex.org/W2792816008","https://openalex.org/W2795957874","https://openalex.org/W2795975019","https://openalex.org/W2802338095","https://openalex.org/W2915845487","https://openalex.org/W2918879627","https://openalex.org/W2961420841","https://openalex.org/W2964277700","https://openalex.org/W3002482178","https://openalex.org/W3010506849","https://openalex.org/W3150751370","https://openalex.org/W4233840023","https://openalex.org/W6737789964"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3121667336","https://openalex.org/W2492640494","https://openalex.org/W564095378","https://openalex.org/W4379054516","https://openalex.org/W782658193","https://openalex.org/W2384877859","https://openalex.org/W2392961223","https://openalex.org/W4376155344","https://openalex.org/W2162286586","https://openalex.org/W4255368532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,97],"a":[1,39,48,73,82,102,134,141,206],"cognitive":[2],"radio-based":[3],"network":[4],"(CRN),":[5],"secondary":[6],"users":[7,23],"(SUs)":[8],"opportunistically":[9],"access":[10,32],"underutilized":[11],"spectrum":[12,31],"resources":[13,18],"and":[14,88,114,131,139,158,185,192,204],"stop":[15],"utilizing":[16],"these":[17],"when":[19],"licensed":[20],"or":[21,182],"primary":[22],"(PUs)":[24],"reappear.":[25],"However,":[26,76],"this":[27,98],"way":[28],"of":[29,57,64,72,176,200],"opportunistic":[30],"is":[33,86,89,115],"susceptible":[34],"to":[35,91,111,117,151,172],"novel":[36,142],"vulnerabilities.":[37],"Recently,":[38],"new":[40,103],"attack,":[41,108,155],"off-sensing":[42],"(OS),":[43],"has":[44],"shed":[45],"light":[46],"on":[47,79,146],"vulnerability":[49],"in":[50,208],"the":[51,61,65,106,125,128,147,153,169,174,197,214],"Federal":[52],"Communications":[53],"Commission":[54],"(FCC)":[55],"policy":[56,181],"CRN,":[58],"which":[59,109,167],"affects":[60],"channel":[62],"utilization":[63],"victim":[66,129],"SU":[67,130],"by":[68],"creating":[69],"an":[70,163],"illusion":[71],"PU's":[74],"presence.":[75],"prior":[77],"work":[78,203],"OS-attack":[80,164],"considers":[81],"deterministic":[83],"approach":[84,144],"that":[85],"unrealistic":[87],"futile":[90],"fortify":[92],"against":[93],"conventional":[94,120],"defense":[95],"techniques.":[96,121],"paper,":[99],"we":[100,123,161],"propose":[101,140],"random":[104],"approach,":[105],"random-OS":[107],"adapts":[110],"realistic":[112],"scenarios":[113],"difficult":[116],"detect":[118,173],"using":[119],"Then,":[122],"model":[124],"interaction":[126],"between":[127],"attackers":[132,177],"as":[133],"stochastic":[135],"zero-sum":[136],"Markov":[137,148],"game":[138],"safeguard":[143,210],"based":[145],"decision":[149],"process":[150],"defend":[152],"proposed":[154,202],"namely":[156],"hide":[157],"seek.":[159],"Finally,":[160],"introduce":[162],"detection":[165],"strategy,":[166],"utilizes":[168],"sensing":[170],"history":[171],"presence":[175],"without":[178,186,212],"violating":[179],"any":[180,187],"design":[183],"constraints":[184],"networking":[188],"overhead.":[189],"Mathematical":[190],"analysis":[191],"extensive":[193],"simulation":[194],"results":[195],"exhibit":[196],"superior":[198],"performance":[199],"our":[201],"advent":[205],"direction":[207],"designing":[209],"strategies":[211],"amending":[213],"current":[215],"FCC":[216],"policies.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
