{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2999504395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2020.2965207","title":"ANGEL: A Synthetic Model for Airline Network Generation Emphasizing Layers","display_name":"ANGEL: A Synthetic Model for Airline Network Generation Emphasizing Layers","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-01-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2999504395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2020.2965207","mag":"2999504395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2020.2965207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2020.2965207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008345521","display_name":"Marzena F\u00fcgenschuh","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129643931","display_name":"Berliner Hochschule f\u00fcr Technik","ror":"https://ror.org/00w7whj55","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129643931"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Marzena Fugenschuh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129643931"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031558727","display_name":"Ralucca Gera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1956-2084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I35364215","display_name":"Naval Postgraduate School","ror":"https://ror.org/033yfkj90","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I3130687028","https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ralucca Gera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Mathematics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Mathematics, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I35364215"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021211836","display_name":"Andrea Tagarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8142-503X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45204951","display_name":"University of Calabria","ror":"https://ror.org/02rc97e94","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Tagarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering (DIMES), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8142-503X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Engineering, Modeling, Electronics and Systems Engineering (DIMES), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45204951"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008345521"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129643931"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5927,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90809708,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"1977","last_page":"1987"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11599","display_name":"Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11599","display_name":"Aviation Industry Analysis and Trends","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10698","display_name":"Transportation Planning and Optimization","score":0.9771999716758728,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3313","display_name":"Transportation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9605000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5792560577392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.5340292453765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5270417332649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation","display_name":"Aviation","score":0.5185461640357971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.4729211926460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-model","display_name":"Network model","score":0.4646531939506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4536251425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/air-transport","display_name":"Air transport","score":0.4516425132751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.239076167345047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transport-engineering","display_name":"Transport engineering","score":0.22848382592201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22497665882110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.11838281154632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerospace-engineering","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","score":0.08535391092300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07941621541976929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5792560577392578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.5340292453765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5270417332649231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74448152","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Aviation","level":2,"score":0.5185461640357971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4729211926460266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104122410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1416406","display_name":"Network model","level":2,"score":0.4646531939506531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4536251425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987236452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q765633","display_name":"Air transport","level":2,"score":0.4516425132751465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.239076167345047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.22848382592201233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22497665882110596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.11838281154632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.08535391092300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07941621541976929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2020.2965207","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2020.2965207","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.550000011920929,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1470088430","https://openalex.org/W1499141437","https://openalex.org/W1579473384","https://openalex.org/W1606375300","https://openalex.org/W1647431324","https://openalex.org/W1812137573","https://openalex.org/W1839609872","https://openalex.org/W1896054242","https://openalex.org/W1918899970","https://openalex.org/W1978323161","https://openalex.org/W1987236914","https://openalex.org/W1997722690","https://openalex.org/W2004210302","https://openalex.org/W2014219430","https://openalex.org/W2031487654","https://openalex.org/W2036400208","https://openalex.org/W2059829232","https://openalex.org/W2066132582","https://openalex.org/W2071366711","https://openalex.org/W2079724468","https://openalex.org/W2098005762","https://openalex.org/W2107087586","https://openalex.org/W2130476447","https://openalex.org/W2141022100","https://openalex.org/W2160268549","https://openalex.org/W2162170976","https://openalex.org/W2167715166","https://openalex.org/W2197583351","https://openalex.org/W2257310903","https://openalex.org/W2309764887","https://openalex.org/W2583143836","https://openalex.org/W2804241798","https://openalex.org/W2891776610","https://openalex.org/W2963657312","https://openalex.org/W2964211259","https://openalex.org/W3037085755","https://openalex.org/W3037826211","https://openalex.org/W3099339635","https://openalex.org/W3102085030","https://openalex.org/W3102201777","https://openalex.org/W3103589660","https://openalex.org/W3106258731","https://openalex.org/W3106488715","https://openalex.org/W6653559156"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4280619883","https://openalex.org/W2771038447","https://openalex.org/W3098035343","https://openalex.org/W2577419105","https://openalex.org/W4390452563","https://openalex.org/W3091926188","https://openalex.org/W3120981176","https://openalex.org/W4285356617","https://openalex.org/W2403143899","https://openalex.org/W4285217171"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Air":[0,83],"transportation":[1,55,111],"networks":[2,25,56,103,142],"develop":[3],"independently":[4],"based":[5],"on":[6],"the":[7,30,34,80,105,126,131],"needs":[8],"of":[9,23,36,79],"carriers,":[10],"economic":[11],"and":[12,33,60,116,128],"political":[13],"factors,":[14],"as":[15,17],"well":[16],"their":[18],"interactions.":[19],"A":[20],"deeper":[21],"study":[22,140],"these":[24],"can":[26,136],"provide":[27],"insights":[28],"into":[29],"growing":[31],"process":[32],"characteristics":[35],"this":[37,42],"multi-billion":[38],"dollar":[39],"industry.":[40],"In":[41],"regard,":[43],"reliable":[44],"network-":[45],"formation":[46],"models":[47,52],"are":[48],"required.":[49],"Generating":[50],"synthetic":[51,101,132],"for":[53],"airline":[54,67],"is":[57],"a":[58,72,76,89],"difficult":[59],"current":[61],"endeavor.":[62],"The":[63],"subnetworks":[64],"induced":[65],"by":[66],"companies":[68],"lead":[69],"naturally":[70],"to":[71,99,124,129,139],"multilayer":[73,102,141],"structure.":[74],"Upon":[75],"profound":[77],"analysis":[78],"benchmark":[81],"European":[82],"Transportation":[84],"Network":[85,94],"(EATN),":[86],"we":[87,120],"propose":[88],"novel":[90],"approach,":[91],"called":[92],"Airline":[93],"Generation":[95],"Emphasizing":[96],"Layers":[97],"(ANGEL),":[98],"create":[100],"mimicking":[104],"two":[106],"patterns":[107],"typical":[108],"in":[109,143],"air":[110],"networks,":[112],"i.e.,":[113],"hub-and-":[114],"spoke":[115],"point-to-point":[117],"structures.":[118],"Moreover,":[119],"introduce":[121],"new":[122],"statistics":[123],"analyze":[125],"EATN":[127],"validate":[130],"network":[133],"model,":[134],"which":[135],"be":[137],"applied":[138],"general.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}