{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898117564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2018.2878403","title":"On Achieving Zero Delay with Power-of-$d$-Choices Load Balancing","display_name":"On Achieving Zero Delay with Power-of-$d$-Choices Load Balancing","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898117564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2018.2878403","mag":"2898117564"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2018.2878403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2018.2878403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352120","display_name":"Xin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5869-3186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100358933","display_name":"Lei Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7955-9445"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55732556","display_name":"Arizona State University","ror":"https://ror.org/03efmqc40","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lei Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100352120"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55732556"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14952514,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"4","first_page":"909","last_page":"916"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11409","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Network Optimization","score":0.986299991607666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.794498085975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queue","display_name":"Queue","score":0.6169468760490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.5762194395065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/queueing-theory","display_name":"Queueing theory","score":0.5627658367156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.4992794990539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.49898338317871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.4646660089492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3902958631515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2804033160209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.11331740021705627}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.794498085975647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160403385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220543","display_name":"Queue","level":2,"score":0.6169468760490417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5762194395065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22684755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847526","display_name":"Queueing theory","level":2,"score":0.5627658367156982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.4992794990539551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.49898338317871094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4646660089492798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3902958631515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2804033160209656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.11331740021705627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnse.2018.2878403","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnse.2018.2878403","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2484352698","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","issn_l":"2327-4697","issn":["2327-4697","2334-329X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Network Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5699999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3546618184","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-15-1-2169","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1666061104","https://openalex.org/W1796572238","https://openalex.org/W1883705886","https://openalex.org/W1993474005","https://openalex.org/W1997049009","https://openalex.org/W2018096052","https://openalex.org/W2023246505","https://openalex.org/W2025050999","https://openalex.org/W2064823719","https://openalex.org/W2117702591","https://openalex.org/W2139346833","https://openalex.org/W2312281960","https://openalex.org/W2412410849","https://openalex.org/W2414210137","https://openalex.org/W2522473921","https://openalex.org/W2533752535","https://openalex.org/W2624097301","https://openalex.org/W2624155849","https://openalex.org/W2731312897","https://openalex.org/W2739203027","https://openalex.org/W2741818905","https://openalex.org/W2771541561","https://openalex.org/W2780094716","https://openalex.org/W2782928188","https://openalex.org/W2952328071","https://openalex.org/W2963910727","https://openalex.org/W2963917527","https://openalex.org/W2964136258","https://openalex.org/W3101601770","https://openalex.org/W3102247904","https://openalex.org/W3104622998","https://openalex.org/W4293583961","https://openalex.org/W4300020678","https://openalex.org/W4301861997","https://openalex.org/W6638479065","https://openalex.org/W6639411990","https://openalex.org/W6677852368","https://openalex.org/W6728802800","https://openalex.org/W6747072117","https://openalex.org/W6785145013","https://openalex.org/W6785307035"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2092530219","https://openalex.org/W2388464034","https://openalex.org/W2533125852","https://openalex.org/W2140460949","https://openalex.org/W2105580438","https://openalex.org/W2057435755","https://openalex.org/W3121798572","https://openalex.org/W2018782216","https://openalex.org/W2101552690","https://openalex.org/W2928328943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Power-of-d-choices":[0],"is":[1,35,53,87,107,180,186,219,225,244],"a":[2,29,75,108,183,191,217,222,229],"popular":[3],"load":[4,126],"balancing":[5],"algorithm":[6,20],"for":[7,149,249],"many-server":[8],"systems":[9],"such":[10],"as":[11,136],"large-scale":[12],"data":[13],"centers.":[14],"For":[15],"each":[16,71],"incoming":[17,72,178],"job,":[18],"the":[19,36,41,45,48,67,102,121,125,128,174,213,254],"probes":[21],"d":[22,90,114,160,203,240],"servers,":[23],"chosen":[24],"uniformly":[25],"at":[26],"random":[27],"from":[28],"total":[30],"of":[31,38,63,111,127,233],"N":[32,137],"servers":[33,39],"(N":[34],"number":[37],"in":[40,84,120],"system),":[42],"and":[43,139,168,201,206,246],"routes":[44,70],"job":[46,73,179,192,218],"to":[47,66,74,81,92,134,182,221],"least":[49],"loaded":[50],"one.":[51],"It":[52],"well":[54],"known":[55],"that":[56,69,95,158,176,216,239],"power-of-d-choices":[57,96,112,255],"reduces":[58],"queueing":[59,195],"delays":[60],"by":[61,131,228],"orders":[62],"magnitude":[64],"compared":[65],"policy":[68],"randomly":[76],"selected":[77],"server.":[78],"The":[79],"question":[80],"be":[82,93],"addressed":[83],"this":[85],"paper":[86,156],"how":[88],"large":[89],"needs":[91],"so":[94],"achieves":[97],"asymptotic":[98],"zero":[99,194,251],"delay":[100,196,252],"like":[101],"join-the-shortest-queue":[103],"(JSQ)":[104],"algorithm,":[105],"which":[106],"special":[109],"case":[110],"with":[113,197,253],"=":[115,142,161,204,211,241],"N.":[116,234],"We":[117],"are":[118],"interested":[119],"heavy-traffic":[122],"regime":[123],"where":[124],"system,":[129],"denoted":[130],"\u03bb,":[132],"approaches":[133],"one":[135,199],"increases,":[138],"assume":[140],"\u03bb":[141],"1":[143],"-":[144],"\u03b3N":[145],"<sup":[146],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[147],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">-\u03b1</sup>":[148],"0":[150,169],"<;":[151,153,172],"\u03b3":[152],"1.":[154],"This":[155],"establishes":[157],"when":[159,202],"\u03a9(Log":[162],"N/1-\u03bb),":[163],"finite":[164],"buffer":[165,208],"size":[166,209],"b":[167,210],"\u2264":[170],"\u03b1":[171],"1/6,":[173],"probability":[175,198,215],"an":[177],"routed":[181,220],"busy":[184,223],"server":[185,224],"asymptotically":[187],"zero,":[188],"1-\u03bb":[189,214],"i.e.,":[190],"experiences":[193],"asymptotically;":[200],"O(1/1-\u03bb)":[205],"infinite":[207],"\u221e,":[212],"lower":[226],"bounded":[227],"positive":[230],"constant":[231],"independent":[232],"Therefore,":[235],"our":[236],"results":[237],"show":[238],"\u03a9(log":[242],"N/1-\u03bb)":[243],"sufficient":[245],"almost":[247],"necessary":[248],"achieving":[250],"policy.":[256]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}