{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7117104742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3641830","title":"Source-Free Time-Series Domain Adaptation With Prior Evaluation of Model Salience","display_name":"Source-Free Time-Series Domain Adaptation With Prior Evaluation of Model Salience","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-12-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7117104742","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3641830","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41442309"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3641830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3641830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121138040","display_name":"Rongyao Cai","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rongyao Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3424-6967","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ming Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-4811"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6833-4811","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Technology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121161784","display_name":"Qingsong Wen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210108985","display_name":"Bellevue Hospital Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01ky34z31","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283621791","https://openalex.org/I4210086933","https://openalex.org/I4210108985"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingsong Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Squirrel Ai Learning, Bellevue, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-2524","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Squirrel Ai Learning, Bellevue, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210108985"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121144929","display_name":"Kexin Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kexin Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1968-8004","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yong Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-8939"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-8939","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2282,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88437419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"6","first_page":"2884","last_page":"2898"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.8981000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11307","display_name":"Domain Adaptation and Few-Shot Learning","score":0.8981000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.019600000232458115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.7128999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-relationship","display_name":"Spurious relationship","score":0.6036999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salience","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","score":0.5792999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-adaptation","display_name":"Domain adaptation","score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/masking","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adaptation","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","score":0.3855000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistical-model","display_name":"Statistical model","score":0.3361000120639801}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7746000289916992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.7128999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6886000037193298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97256817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1462316","display_name":"Spurious relationship","level":2,"score":0.6036999821662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108154423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469792","display_name":"Salience (neuroscience)","level":2,"score":0.5792999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4941999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776434776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19246213","display_name":"Domain adaptation","level":3,"score":0.47780001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777402240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6783436","display_name":"Masking (illustration)","level":2,"score":0.4000000059604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139807058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352374","display_name":"Adaptation (eye)","level":2,"score":0.3855000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.3578000068664551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.34290000796318054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114289077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3284399","display_name":"Statistical model","level":2,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.33000001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.32850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.30149999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.3012000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2962999939918518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.2957000136375427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90734943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777","display_name":"Conceptualization","level":2,"score":0.2809000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.2800999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.2651999890804291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.26109999418258667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.2502000033855438}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098426","descriptor_name":"Adaptive Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000098426","descriptor_name":"Adaptive Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/tnnls.2025.3641830","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/tnnls.2025.3641830","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210175523","display_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","issn_l":"2162-237X","issn":["2162-237X","2162-2388"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:41442309","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/41442309","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1530165808","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024C01172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327827","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7977295098","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62503419","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327827","display_name":"Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1987971958","https://openalex.org/W2017634428","https://openalex.org/W2051224630","https://openalex.org/W2057907879","https://openalex.org/W2162800060","https://openalex.org/W2529556398","https://openalex.org/W2530133016","https://openalex.org/W2963532621","https://openalex.org/W2998083796","https://openalex.org/W3008872739","https://openalex.org/W3013850939","https://openalex.org/W3021632667","https://openalex.org/W3175042385","https://openalex.org/W3188906063","https://openalex.org/W3190748826","https://openalex.org/W3192275354","https://openalex.org/W3198175382","https://openalex.org/W3203098462","https://openalex.org/W3206487064","https://openalex.org/W4221138878","https://openalex.org/W4226144843","https://openalex.org/W4242401062","https://openalex.org/W4311404181","https://openalex.org/W4365790214","https://openalex.org/W4385562572","https://openalex.org/W4385565375","https://openalex.org/W4385647259","https://openalex.org/W4386066721","https://openalex.org/W4386076630","https://openalex.org/W4392903116","https://openalex.org/W4393177791","https://openalex.org/W4394699135","https://openalex.org/W4396735824","https://openalex.org/W4400770720","https://openalex.org/W4401567681","https://openalex.org/W4402474233","https://openalex.org/W4404991028","https://openalex.org/W4406921728","https://openalex.org/W4409167291","https://openalex.org/W4417189833"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Source-free":[0],"domain":[1,12],"adaptation":[2,13,110,200],"(SFDA)":[3],"is":[4,66,179,192],"a":[5,104,122,132,143,167,175,187,264],"challenging,":[6],"yet":[7],"valuable":[8],"task":[9],"within":[10],"unsupervised":[11],"(UDA),":[14],"which":[15,152],"adapts":[16],"pretrained":[17],"models":[18],"to":[19,69,99,111,136,181,194,249],"diverse":[20],"unlabeled":[21],"target":[22],"domains":[23],"while":[24,186],"safeguarding":[25],"the":[26,30,45,59,76,129,163,183,198,218,242],"data":[27,221],"security":[28],"of":[29,48,62,79,125,156,244],"source":[31],"domain.":[32],"However,":[33],"existing":[34],"SFDA":[35,64,254,272],"methods":[36,65],"primarily":[37],"focus":[38],"on":[39,74,174,217],"computer":[40],"vision":[41],"applications,":[42],"often":[43],"overlooking":[44],"unique":[46],"characteristics":[47],"time":[49],"series,":[50],"such":[51],"as":[52,121,210,263],"temporal":[53,138],"dependencies":[54],"and":[55,91,235,252],"sequential":[56],"nature.":[57],"Moreover,":[58],"fine-tuning":[60,145],"paradigm":[61,87,105,146],"current":[63],"typically":[67],"limited":[68],"posterior":[70,199],"adaptation,":[71],"focusing":[72],"solely":[73],"constraining":[75],"statistical":[77,109],"properties":[78],"model":[80,119,134,157,184],"outputs.":[81],"We":[82],"argue":[83],"that":[84,260,267],"this":[85,115],"black-box":[86],"lacks":[88],"semantic":[89,126],"interpretability":[90],"risks":[92],"aligning":[93],"with":[94,159],"spurious":[95],"contextual":[96],"noise,":[97],"leading":[98],"negative":[100],"transfer.":[101],"This":[102],"necessitates":[103],"evolution":[106],"from":[107],"blind":[108],"interpretable":[112],"adaptation.":[113,214],"To":[114],"end,":[116],"we":[117,141,257],"introduce":[118],"salience":[120,158],"quantifiable":[123],"proxy":[124],"interpretability,":[127],"representing":[128],"importance":[130],"weights":[131],"trained":[133],"assigns":[135],"specific":[137],"fragments.":[139],"Accordingly,":[140],"propose":[142],"novel":[144,188],"for":[147,213],"time-series":[148],"SFDA,":[149],"termed":[150],"PrEPoA,":[151],"integrates":[153],"Prior":[154],"Evaluation":[155],"Posterior":[160],"Adaptation.":[161],"In":[162,197],"prior":[164],"evaluation":[165],"stage,":[166,201],"key":[168],"pattern":[169],"reconstruction":[170],"(KPR)":[171],"module":[172,266],"based":[173],"sensitive":[176],"masking":[177],"mechanism":[178],"designed":[180],"quantify":[182],"salience,":[185],"interpattern":[189],"triplet":[190],"loss":[191],"introduced":[193],"calibrate":[195],"it.":[196],"robust":[202],"prototype":[203],"clustering":[204],"(RPC)":[205],"generates":[206],"trustworthy":[207],"reference":[208],"labels":[209],"pseudo-ground":[211],"truth":[212],"Comprehensive":[215],"experiments":[216],"wireless":[219],"sensor":[220],"mining":[222],"(WISDM),":[223],"human":[224],"activity":[225],"recognition":[226],"(HAR),":[227],"heterogeneity":[228],"HAR":[229],"(HHAR),":[230],"machine":[231],"fault":[232],"diagnosis":[233],"(MFD),":[234],"sleep":[236],"stage":[237],"classification":[238],"(SSC)":[239],"datasets":[240],"demonstrate":[241],"superiority":[243],"our":[245],"PrEPoA":[246,261],"framework":[247],"compared":[248],"nine":[250],"UDA":[251],"seven":[253],"methods.":[255,273],"Furthermore,":[256],"experimentally":[258],"validate":[259],"serves":[262],"plug-and-play":[265],"effectively":[268],"incorporated":[269],"into":[270],"other":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-12-24T00:00:00"}
